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Hyperketonemia-- Condition characterized by an overproduction of ketones by the body. Hypoglycemia-- Lower than normal levels of glucose in the blood. Hypokalemia-- A deficiency of potassium in the blood.
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Uncorrected type I diabetes mellitus may result in?
hyperglycemia; hyperketonemia; metabolic acidosis A - Also Death.
What is Ketonemia defined as?
Ketonemia is defined as the presence of abnormal ketone bodies at an elevated level. Another name for ketonemia is hyperketonemia.
What three features does diabetic ketoacidosis combine?
hyperglycemia, meaning excessively high blood sugar kevels; hyperketonemia, meaning an overproduction of ketones by the body; and acidosis, meaning that the blood has become too acidic.
How is diabetic ketoacidosis treated?
regular monitoring of blood glucose, administration of insulin, and lifestyle maintenance. Glucose monitoring is especially important during periods of stress, infection, and trauma when glucose concentrations typically increase
What classification of acidosis is diabetic ketoacidosis?
When you don't have enough insulin in your body, your body starves for energy (which normally comes from glucose, and is permitted into the cells by insulin.) In response, fat is converted by the liver into Acetoacetate and Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, known as ketone bodies. These supply energy to the body in emergencies.Normally this condition would be temporary and normal insulin production would put a quick stop to it. But in an insulin-dependent diabetic, that insulin doesn't arrive and so the ketone bodies begin building up in the blood and urine. Ketone bodies are acidic and so they affect the blood's pH balance.The body must maintain a pH balance of 7-7.25. 7 is neutral but anything lower causes an acidotic situation, meaning the blood turns acidic. Once that happens, things get worse.Symptoms include stomach tenderness, lethargy, fever, vomiting, and ketone-smelling breath. (Breath may smell like nail-polish remover, pear drops, or fruit.)An advanced symptom is Kussmaul's respirations: Characterized by short,deep, and rapid breathing. This is the mechanism the body uses in an attempt to regulate the bodys' pH balance. The body is trying to "blow out " the CO2 or carbon dioxide that has accumulated.In addition, the body continues calling out for energy that it can't get due to missing insulin, so more glucose is dumped into the blood leading to severe hyperglycemia. More ketone bodies are still being produced too. The hyperglycemia and acidosis each cause the kidneys to flush out water, leading to severe dehydration. The dehydration leads in turn to worse acidosis and hyperglycemia (since the blood is more concentrated).By now the blood's electrolytes (Potassium especially) are thrown out of balance and things get really bad. At this point treatment becomes tricky and survival rate is about 90% only if full emergency hospital treatment is at hand.If you are diabetic and think you have diabetic ketoacidosis, then1. Drink a lot of water right now.2. Take some of your regular insulin. If you have a slow-acting and a fast-acting insulin for mealtimes, take the fast one. If you have oral diabetic medications, don't take those.3. Get an ambulance now, and mention diabetic ketoacidosis emergency on the phone.More details at the Wikipedia article linked below.Dehydration and shortage of insulin and High ketone levels together over a short period of time can cause DKA. If you start vomiting and you have many of the other symptoms you are most likely going or are in DKA.Symptoms include: Acetone or fruity smelling-breath, dehydration, stomachache, fever, possible vomiting, lethargy, high and rising blood sugar, hyperventilating (see Kussmaul breathing). If you have ketone strips for your urine, you will see a high ketone level.If you think you are in DKA:1. Drink as much water as you can2. Take some of your fastest-acting insulin3. Call an ambulance and say you think you are in DKA.You mean "Diabetic Ketoacidosis", check for it on Google. There's no such thing as diabetic keratosis.
