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What is having deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland?
hypoadrenalism
How do you get hypo thermokinesis?
Hypothermokinesis is a condition in which the body’s core temperature drops below normal levels. It can be caused by a variety of different factors, including exposure to cold temperatures, certain medications, and certain medical conditions. Exposure to Cold Temperatures: The most common cause of hypothermokinesis is exposure to cold temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a decrease in your body's core temperature. This can be especially dangerous in extreme cold weather, as your body's ability to regulate its temperature can be severely impaired. People who are exposed to cold temperatures for extended periods of time are at an increased risk of developing hypothermokinesis. Certain Medications: Certain medications can also cause hypothermokinesis. These medications, such as antipsychotics, beta blockers, or sedatives, can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate its temperature, leading to a decrease in core temperature. It is important to discuss any medications you are taking with your doctor to ensure that they are not putting you at risk for hypothermokinesis. Certain Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions can also lead to hypothermokinesis. These conditions include hypothyroidism, hypoadrenalism, and diabetes. These medical conditions can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate its temperature, leading to a decrease in core temperature. It is important to discuss any medical conditions you have with your doctor to ensure that they are not putting you at risk for hypothermokinesis. The best way to prevent hypothermokinesis is to avoid exposure to cold temperatures, wear appropriate clothing when outdoors, and to be aware of any medications or medical conditions that can increase your risk of developing hypothermokinesis. If you do develop hypothermokinesis, it is important to seek immediate medical attention, as it can be a potentially life-threatening condition.
What does a high level of esinophils 576 in the blood mean?
This from: Center for Eosinophilic Disorder at Cincinnati's Children's Hospital @ http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/svc/alpha/e/eosinophilic/about/conditions.htm There are many disorders where the eosinophils have been found elevated either in the blood or in different tissues. The experts in the Cincinnati Center for Eosinophilic Disorder at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center provide a list of general categories of diseases with some examples included. Allergic Disorders: Allergic disorders are classically characterized by presence of eosinophils. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) has increased levels of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. Asthma, after an exacerbation, shows increased eosinophils in the lung. Drug Reactions: Any drug/medicine can precipitate a reaction. Some of these reactions are allergic in nature and eosinophils might be elevated in blood or in tissues where the drug is concentrated. Infectious Diseases: Parasitic infections (Helminthiasis-worms), fungal infections and some other types of infections are associated with increased eosinophils. Blood Disorders: A few examples of hematologic disorders with increased esoinophils include the hypereosinophilic syndrome, leukemias, lymphomas, tumors, mastocytosis and atheroembolic disease. Immunologic Disorders and Reactions: Hyper-IgE syndrome, Ommen's syndrome, thymomas, transplant rejections are only a few types of conditions with increased eosinophils. Endocrine Disorders: Hypoadrenalism has been associated with blood eosinophilia. • • • • • • • • • Specific Organ Involvement: Below are certain conditions organized by the organs/tissues that are affected where eosinophils have been found to be increased or pathologically present. Skin and subcutaneous disorders Atopic dermatitis (eczema), bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, dermatitis herpetiformis, drug-induced lesions, urticaria, eosinophilic panniculitis, angioedema with eosinophilia, Kimura's disease, Shulman's syndrome, Well's syndrome, eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis and recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vaculitis. Pulmonary conditions Drug/Toxin-induced eosinophilic lung disease, Loeffler's syndrome, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, eosinophilic granuloma, pleural eosinophilia. Gastrointestinal diseases Gastroesophageal reflux, parasitic infections, fungal infections, Helicobacter pylori infections, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), food allergic disorders, protein-induced enteropathy and protein-induced enterocolitis, allergic colitis, celiac disease, primary eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroenteritis and colitis. Rare tumors (leiomyomatosis), connective tissue disorders and vasculitic disorders. Neurologic disorders Organizing chronic subdural hematoma membranes, central nervous system infections, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, drug-induced adverse reactions. Rheumatologic illnesses Eosinophilic synovitis, eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, vaculitic disorders such as the Churg-Strauss Syndrome. Cardiac conditions Heart damage has been reported secondary to systemic disorders such as the hypereosinophilic syndrome or the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Certain congenital heart conditions (septal defects, aortic stenosis) are associated with blood esoinophilia. Renal diseases Eosinophiluria (eosinophils in the urine) associated with infections or interstitial nephritis and eosinophilic cystitis.
Pituitary infarction?
DefinitionPituitary infarction is the death of an area of tissue in the pituitary gland, a small gland joined to the hypothalamus (part of the brain). The pituitary produces many of the hormones that control essential body processes.Alternative NamesPituitary apoplexyCauses, incidence, and risk factorsPituitary infarction is most commonly caused by bleeding due to a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary. When this bleeding occurs in a woman during or immediately after childbirth, it is called Sheehan syndrome.Risk factors for pituitary infarction include:Bleeding disordersDiabetesHead injuryRadiation to the pituitary glandUse of a breathing machineHowever, in most cases, the cause is not clear.SymptomsPituitary infarction usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening.Symptoms usually include:Severe headacheParalysis of the eye muscles, causing double vision (ophthalmoplegia)Low blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting from acute adrenal insufficiencyLess commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In Sheehan syndrome, for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by a lack of the hormone prolactin.Over time, problems with other pituitary hormones may develop, causing symptoms of the following conditions:Growth hormone deficiencyFatigueIncreased fat in the abdomenLack of energyHypoadrenalism(if not already present or treated) Inability to deal with physical stressNauseaHypogonadismAbsent periods (amenorrhea) in womenSexual dysfunction and loss of muscle mass in menHypothyroidismCold intoleranceConstipationDepressed moodDry skinFatigueHair or skin changesHoarsenessMenstrual changesMental slowingWeight gainWhen the posterior pituitary is involved (rare), symptoms may include:Failure of the uterus to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women)Failure to produce breast milk (in women)Uncontrolled urinationSigns and testsSigns of acute pituitary infarction may include:Low blood pressureVisual field defectsSigns of chronic pituitary insufficiency include:Growth hormone deficiency Loss of muscle massProblems with fat metabolism (dyslipidemia)Hypoadrenalism Low blood pressurePoor response to stress and infectionHypothyroidism Delayed reflexesTests may include:Bone density testEye examsMRI or CT scanBlood tests will be done to check levels of:ACTHCholesterolCortisolFSHGrowth hormoneLHProlactinSomatomedin C (IGF-1)TreatmentTreatment for acute infarction may require surgery to relieve pressure on the pituitary and improve vision symptoms. Severe cases need emergency surgery.Immediate treatment with adrenal replacement hormones (glucocorticoids) is essential. Other hormones will be replaced, including:Sex hormones (estrogen/testosterone)Thyroid hormoneEvidence is also growing for the need to replace growth hormone.Expectations (prognosis)Acute pituitary infarction can be life-threatening. The outlook is good for people who have chronic deficiency that is diagnosed and treated.ComplicationsComplications of untreated pituitary infarction can include:Adrenal crisisVision lossIf other missing hormones are not replaced, you may develop problems related to hypothyroidism and hypogonadism.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have any symptoms of chronic pituitary insufficiency.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symptoms of acute pituitary infarction, including:Eye weaknessHeadacheLow blood pressure (which can cause fainting)NauseaVomitingBe especially concerned if you develop these symptoms and you have already been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor.ReferencesMelmed S, Kleinberg D. Anterior pituitary. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 8.
