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What is in phase?

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Anonymous

13y ago
Updated: 4/17/2023

Phase applies only to AC current and not DC current. Reactive components - inductors and capacitors - in a system will result in the system output either lagging or leading (capacitance lags and inductance leads).

If we apply an AC signal to the input of a system, we can observe the input and the output on an oscilloscope. If the system lags then the output signal will appear to be shifted to the right relative to the input singal, and vice versa for a system that leads. Since AC signals are periodic we think of one period as being 360 degrees (or 2*pi radians). The phase of output signal relative to the input signal is thus measured in degrees.

For example:

An AC signal of period of 10 seconds and a peak current of 2A is applied to the input of a system. The output is measured and it is found that the output current peaks 3 seconds after the input voltage - so the output lags the input, meaning the circuit has a capacitive reactance. What is the phase of the output relative to the input?

Since T=10 and the phase difference in seconds is 3 the solution is simple:

360 / 10 * 3 = 108 degrees

So; the output lags the input with a phase difference of 108 degrees.

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