It is a declaration of java class in method body which called "inner class"
The C++ compiler will implicitly (automatically) mark functions for inline expansion whenever you define a function within its own declaration. If functions are declared and defined separately (even in the same file) then they are not implicitly marked for inline expansion. To enable inline expansion for these definitions, you must explicitly mark the definition (not the declaration).
Inline functions are just that, they are "inline", which means that the compiler injects the body of the function declaration into (inline to) the text segment without generating the actual call sequence. Without the call sequence, there is no stack frame, so there are no local variables. Without local variables or the stack frame, there can be no recursion.
Outline is the opposite of inline. An inline expanded function is any function or class method where the declaration also provides the definition (the implementation). This is known as implicit inline expansion. Where the definition is kept separate from the declaration, you may use the inline keyword to specifiy that the function should be inline. This is known as explicit inline expansion. Inline expanded functions (whether implied or explicit) does NOT mean the function will in fact be inline expanded. It is merely a suggestion to the compiler. If the compiler's optimisers determine that there is no advantage to be gained by inline expanding a particular function, then that function becomes an outline function. Inline expansion simply means that the body of the function is inserted in place of the function call. Function calls are expensive in terms of memory and performance, so by eliminating the function call completely, your code performs faster and uses less memory. However, functions that are called many times throughout your code will result in a much larger code size, and large code runs slower than small code. Thus the benefit of eliminating a function call has to be weighed against the increased code size. Although some compilers do allow you to override the compiler's inline expansion optimisers, this is strictly non-standard. The best judge of what to expand and what not to expand is best left in the hands of the compiler, and indiscriminate use of the inline keyword should generally be avoided.
Trivial functions, such as member variable accessors that simply return a member's value, are prime candidates for inline expansion. However trivial non-member functions can also be inline expanded, as can any non-trivial function that is rarely called.Member functions defined in the body of the class declaration are implicitly declared inline. However, whether a function is explicitly declared inline or not, the compiler is free to ignore any inline request, such as when the inline expansion of a non-trivial function would adversely compromise code size, for instance.Note that inline expansion replaces the call to a function with a modified version of the function's body within the calling functions -- just as if you'd duplicated the code yourself, rather than creating a separate function -- which removes the overhead of making a function call.The only way to force a function inline is to manually write the expanded code yourself. But if the code appears in several places, maintenance of the code will be compromised.If there's ever any doubt, declare it inline and let the compiler decide. It's in a far better position to determine if it should be inline expanded or not.
Trivial functions, such as member variable accessors that simply return a member's value, are prime candidates for inline expansion. However trivial non-member functions can also be inline expanded, as can any non-trivial function that is rarely called.Member functions defined in the body of the class declaration are implicitly declared inline. However, whether a function is explicitly declared inline or not, the compiler is free to ignore any inline request, such as when the inline expansion of a non-trivial function would adversely compromise code size, for instance.Note that inline expansion replaces the call to a function with a modified version of the function's body within the calling functions -- just as if you'd duplicated the code yourself, rather than creating a separate function -- which removes the overhead of making a function call.The only way to force a function inline is to manually write the expanded code yourself. But if the code appears in several places, maintenance of the code will be compromised.If there's ever any doubt, declare it inline and let the compiler decide. It's in a far better position to determine if it should be inline expanded or not.
// declaration: return_type function_name([argument_type_1[=value][, argument_type_2[=value][, ...]]]); // definition (function signature must match declaration): return_type function_name([argument_type_1 argument_name_1[, argument_type_2 argument_name_2[, ...]]]) { // implementation } In the case of separate declaration/definition, the definition file must include the file that contains the declaration unless they are both in the same file. If the function is a template function, both the declaration and the definition must be visible to the compiler BEFORE it can be used (thus they must both be in the same file). For all other functions other than inline expanded functions, only the declaration need be visible. Note that the definition is also a declaration, however default values must be omitted and all arguments must be named. The declaration arguments may also be named but they needn't match those in the definition (the definition names are the ones actually used). Alternatively: // combined declaration and definition: return_type function_name([argument_type_1 argument_name_1[=value][, argument_type_2 argument_name_2[=value][, ...]]]) { // implementation } Functions that are defined in the declaration are impicitly inline expanded. Functions that are defined separately must be prepended with the inline keyword in the definition, and the definition must be visible to the compiler BEFORE the function can be used. Functions that do not return a value must return void. If any other return type is specified, the function must explicitly return that type via all return paths. The main function must return an int, however return(0) is implied if not specified in the final statement.
No, it is an inline engine.No, it is an inline engine.
Member functions must always be declared inside a class declaration, however they may be defined either inside or outside of the class. A definition is simply the implementation of a function, the code that is executed when the function is called.When a function is defined inside a class declaration then it is implicitly inline expanded. When it is defined outside of a class declaration, it is not inline expanded but you may explicitly declare it to be inline expanded, if desired. Note that inline expansion should only be utilised when the function has but a few simple statements, preferably just one or two statements at most.The following example demonstrates the definition of a typical class accessor (a getter) defined within a class declaration (where inline expansion is implied and desired):class A {public: int get_data()const{return(m_data);}private: int m_data;};The following example shows the same function defined outside of the class. This time the function will not be inline expanded.class A {public: int get_data()const;private: int m_data;};int A::get_data()const{return(m_data);}Note that the definition may appear in a different file. Generally, classes are designed with a header file and a source file, where the header contains the declarations and the source contains the definition. The source file must include the header file.Since it is often desirable to inline expand simple class accessors that merely return values, the inline keyword can be used when the definition is external to the class declaration, like so:class A {public: inline int get_data()const;private: int m_data;};int A::get_data()const{return(m_data);}Note that declaring a function inline (implicitly or explicitly) is no guarantee that it will actually be inline expanded, you are merely signalling to the compiler that the function is a candidate for expansion. The compiler is still free to veto the promotion if its inline optimisers deem that such an expansion would compromise performance due to the increased code size that inline expansion incurs. Functions that are called in only one place in your code, regardless of how complex they are, are generally good candidates for expansion. Although you could manually inline expand such functions, if the function call makes your calling code easier to read and maintain, then it's better to retain the function in your code.Note also that while some compilers allow you to force an inline expansion (such as Microsoft's __forceinline keyword), effectively bypassing the compiler's optimisers, this should be done sparingly as the increased code size can easily outweigh any performance gained by removing the function call. Also note that some functions cannot be inline expanded, even by force. In particular, the compiler cannot inline expand any of the following:a function with a variable argument list.a recursive function (see * note below).a function compiled for debug builds.where the function and the caller use different types of exception handling.a function that uses inline assembly (often dependant upon compiler flags).a virtual function that is called virtually rather than directly.indirect calls via function pointers.* Some recursive functions can be inline expanded up to a predetermined depth, usually 16 calls at most (thereafter, the calls are treated as calls to new instances of the function). The predetermined depth generally cannot be increased, but it can typically be reduced with a pragma.For more specific information on inline expansion within your compiler or IDE, consult the compiler's documentation regarding the inline keyword.
RIMM: Rambhous Inline Memory ModuleSIMM: Single Inline Memory ModuleDIMM: Dual Inline Memory ModuleDDRDIMM: Dual Data Rate Dual Inline Memory Module
RIMM: Rambhous Inline Memory ModuleSIMM: Single Inline Memory ModuleDIMM: Dual Inline Memory ModuleDDRDIMM: Dual Data Rate Dual Inline Memory Module
The inline functions is an optimization technique that is used by the compilers. The disadvantage of the inline functions is the increased binary size.
No, functions (inline or other) aren't commands.