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Viruses don't "recognize" things inside animal cells. They actually "recognize" pieces of the cell membrane. Most specifically, they recognize proteins on the surface of the cell membrane. It is like a lock-and-key mechanism. When the virus particle (the lock) bumps into a specific protein (the key) on the cell membrane, it binds to it. This allows the virus to inject its genetic material into the cell. Once the genetic material - sometimes DNA, sometimes RNA - is inside the cell, it finds its way into the nucleus, inserts itself into the cell's DNA (genes) and basically takes it over. It forces the cell's genetic machinery into making hundreds and thousands of viral parts that are then put together like automobile factory to form new viruses. Once the cell is full of them, the cell ruptures releasing the new viruses to infect other cells.

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14y ago

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