The phenomenon of rain freezing on contact with a cold object is called "freezing rain".
When water hits an object, it is called splashing or splattering.
The term for rain that freezes when it hits the earth's surface is freezing rain.
In the story "To Build a Fire," when the man spits, his spit freezes mid-air before it hits the ground. This indicates just how dangerously cold the conditions are and foreshadows the severity of the situation he is in.
When steam hits cold metal and forms water droplets, it is called condensation.
When light that hits an object is taken in by the object, it is called absorption. The object absorbs some wavelengths of light, while others are reflected or transmitted.
Reflection.
That is called reflection. When light hits a surface and bounces back, it forms an image of that object that we can see.
This is called transparency. When light is able to pass through an object without being scattered, reflected, or absorbed, the object is transparent.
The energy transferred when an object hits a target is called kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion possessed by an object due to its velocity. When the object makes contact with the target, this energy is transferred to the target.
The light has been reflected back off the object.
Absorption.
When steam hits a cold object like a plate, it loses heat rapidly, causing it to condense back into water. This process releases latent heat, warming up the plate. Convection currents may also form, carrying the heat away from the steam and facilitating the cooling process.