Danze16
It is called a exteremophile.
Irreversible changes in the shape of proteins are called denaturation. This process disrupts the protein's structure, causing it to lose its functional form and activity. Common causes of denaturation include high temperatures, extreme pH levels, and exposure to certain chemicals.
Very cold winters are typically referred to as harsh winters or severe winters. These winters can bring extreme cold temperatures, heavy snowfall, and harsh weather conditions.
Danze16
Proteins become "denatured", meaning they change shape., break down and can't function the way it is supposed to, and could potentially cause a problem by getting in the way of other proteins.
It is generally called solidifying, but if it solidifies because of lower temperatures it is called freezing.
The layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment is the subcutaneous fat layer. It acts as a thermal insulator by helping to regulate body temperature and protect against heat loss in cold conditions.
A front
This type of region is called a desert.
There are some bacteria that live in extreme conditions they are called extremophiles. Bacteria that specifically live in very hot temperatures are called thermophiles. However your question could be 360 Kelvin or degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit; which brings us to the importance of units...
The tardigrade, also known as a water bear, is an animal that can withstand extreme temperatures ranging from nearly absolute zero to well above the boiling point of water. They achieve this by entering a state called cryptobiosis, where they essentially shut down their metabolism and wait for conditions to improve.
Land with little rain and few plants is called a desert. If the temperatures are not extreme, the land could be a steppe.