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If by "why" you mean "what," a well tested framework that explains a wide range of observations in science is called a theory.
theory
A theory.
Scientific law
Elton Mayo
It is called a Scientific Theory.
If by "why" you mean "what," a well tested framework that explains a wide range of observations in science is called a theory.
theory
A theory.
The explanation supported by many experiments is called scientific theory.
Since it is called "the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle" it is neither a scientific law nor a theory. It is a principle.
A scientific law is an indisputable fact: there are no observances dictating it. For example, gravity is a scientific law. A scientific theory is simply a generally accepted explanation for a particular phenomenon or idea that cannot currently be proven or disproven. The structure of the atom and evolution are theories.
Evolutionary theory is called a scientific theory because it is a comprehensive explanatory model, consisting of independently verifiable facts and laws as well as multiply confirmed falsifiable hypotheses.
Scientific theory
Scientific law
Elton Mayo
Such a system is called a theory. For example, Darwin's Theory of Evolution, or Newton's Theory of Universal Gravitation, or Einstein's Theory of Relativity.