Personification
No human being is expendable and you should never refer to anyone as such.
Very few humans object to being touched. The touching must be appropriate to the situation but human to human contact is essential to the psychological and emotional development a well rounded human being.
What makes you think that they can't? These scientific specialties exist; the study of human behavior is called anthropology, and the study of human mental processes is called psychology.
Android.
Anthropologists, sociologists, psychologist.
You can't become a nonhuman if you were born human. Nonhuman is used to refer to a object or animal which displays human-like characteristics.
Near sighted
anthropomorphization.
"Inhuman" is a word that means "lacking human qualities". It generally refers to the shape of an object that does not appear human-like, but may also refer to unnatural human thoughts.
An object made by human hands dating back to ancient times is called an 'artifact.'
The word you are looking for is "anthropomorphism." It refers to the attribution of human characteristics, behaviors, and emotions to animals or objects.
Personification
When a person refers to themselves as an inanimate object, it is called anthropomorphism. This is a literary device where human characteristics are given to non-human entities.
The image of an object formed on the retina of the human eye is called Image Formation. Image Formation is the natural processing of light through the eye.
An artificial satellite.
When an inanimate object is compared to an animal, it is called personification. When the object is given human characteristics specifically, it is called anthropomorphization.
Foreign. For instance, in medicine, an unknown or unexpected object in part of the body is called a foreign object. Or if you don't know where someone is from, you might refer to them as a foreigner.