The monotheistic religion of the Jews, based on the laws revealed to Moses and recorded in the Torah (supplemented by the rabbinical...
Don't do to others what is hateful to yourself. There is one G-d who created heaven and earth from nothing. He selected the Jews to be the example to the whole world of how to live according to His will. His Will was proclaimed to the entire nation, of which over 600,000 were adult males, in two parts, written and oral. The written part was written into what is known as the Five Books of Moses, the oral part, without which the written cannot be understood, was transferred from teacher to pupil, until due to the persecutions of the Romans and fear that the tradition would be forgotten, this too was submitted to writing, and is know as the Talmud.
1800 BC.Another Answer:The traditional answer is that today's Judaism was first started with Abraham who lived circa 1975-1800 BC. However, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were called Hebrews who had a special relationship with God and this latter formed into the Congregation of Israel - the 12 sons of Jacob who was called Israel. His 4th son, Judah is the progenitor of the Jews - a nickname for Judah - and this only occurred after the united Kingdom of Israel via King David - circa 1040-970 BC. After the death of his son, King Solomon who reigned from 970-930 BC, the Kingdom split into two separate ones called the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah - circa 900 BC. It was during these times that the term 'Jew' began (see 2 Kings).