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Abstract - Cascaded tripping of power lines due to mal-operation
of zone 3 distance relays was one of the main causes of many
previous blackouts worldwide. Encroachment of load into the
zone 3 characteristics is one of the main cause for the maloperation
of the relays. By improving the operation of zone 3 of
distance relays it is possible to prevent such mal-operations so
that cascaded line tripping can be avoided.
A new algorithm that utilizes
Synchronized Phasor Measurements (SPM) to control the
operation of distance protection zone 3. Based on the proposed
algorithm, several improvements in operation of zone 3 can be
achieved. For instance, the relay can differentiate between actual
system faults and load encroachment.
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