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You are asking about chromosomes.

However the chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells are rarely "X shaped", most of the time they are long "thread shaped" objects. They only take on the "X shaped" form during one short period during the process of cell division, after the chromosome has been copied into two identical "threads" but they have not yet been pulled apart in the process of dividing the nucleus itself.

You usually only see photographs of the "X shaped" form of chromosomes because this is when the DNA of the chromosome and attached proteins are in the most compact form and easily visible to light microscopes. The "thread shaped" form of chromosomes (in which they actually do their work) is many times longer than the "X shaped" form of chromosomes as it has been "unpackaged" and is really only resolvable by electron microscopes. A photograph of the "thread shaped" form of the chromosomes inside the nucleus (as they are most of the time) would look very much like a bunch of tangled strands of very thin spaghetti.

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Q: What is located in the nucleus and controls an organism's physical characteristics in the shape of an X?
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