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A battery is rated to supply a certain number of volts. However, it actually supplies less, because they are "lost" as the current has to get out of the battery in the first place.(The battery has internal resistance)
The amount of lost volts depends on the current being drawn:
The less resistance a circuit has, the more current is drawn, because it's easier to flow.
Example:
If the circuit has little resistance, it draws a large current and the battery's internal resistance causes more lost volts.
If the circuit has high resistance, it draws a small current and there are fewer lost volts.
This is why when you short-circuit a battery (give it hardly any resistance to go through) it heats up and may explode. A large current is drawn and all the volts are used by the battery's internal resistance.
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∙ 9y ago
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What are typical voltages for half charged batteries?
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