Information on millions of stars shows that there is a relationship between temperature and brightness. Surface temperature is measured in degrees C and brightness is measured in absolute magnitude (the star's brightness at a standard distance).
If all the stars are plotted on a graph of temperature against absolute magnitude, called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, very many of them lie close to a straight line that is called the Main Sequence. There are some stars that do not lie on the Main Sequence, notably the red giants that are very bright despite having a relatively low temperature.
The Sun is right in the middle of the Main Sequence showing it is an average star in the middle of its life and very stable.
No. Red giants are not on the main sequence.
A red main sequence star would be a red dwarf or a branch red giant. To be on the main sequence, you have to have hydrogen nuclear fusion.
The sun is a main sequence star, so 1 AU.
Main-Sequence star
None of those is a main sequence star.
Sirius is not a single star but a binary star system consisting of a white main sequence star and a white dwarf.
The defining characteristic of a main sequence star burns hydrogen to helium in its core.
Most stars are on the main sequence; that includes red dwarves. Specifically, in this case, the closest known star - Proxima Centauri - is also the closest main-sequence star.
Algol is a blue main-sequence star in the constellation Perseus
When a star "goes off the main-sequence" it generally means the star has run out of hydrogen fuel and is beginning the post-main-sequence or its end of life phase. The main sequence of a star is the time where it is no longer just a proto-star but is burning hydrogen as a primary source of fuel.
Any star that it fusing hydrogen into helium is classed as a main sequence star.
main sequence star