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When an outer planet is in opposition, it is directly opposite the Sun as seen from Earth, and is therefore at its closest to the orbit of Earth for that orbit. For Jupiter, opposition comes about every 13 months. The orbits of the two planets are occasionally aligned so that the distance between Earth and Jupiter is even less (slightly), with Jupiter near its closest approach to the Sun and Earth near its farthest point. The alignment occurs about every 12 years, and represents a decrease of only 0.5 % from the average distance. Jupiter may appear noticeably brighter than at other times of the year, but the planet is still only a bright spot as seen by the naked eye.

In 2010, the close approach is in September, with the minimum distance on Monday night, September 20, 2010. But the difference between that date and any other day in that month would be indiscernible.

The next minimum will be in 2022.

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