The ability to change the organization of the database itself without changing the application software. Reagrds, ON.
Since a user can define a views, logical data independence can achieved by using view definition to hide changes in the conceptual schema. since the sql user has no knowledge of how the data is physically represented, relying solely on the relation abstraction for querying, physical data independence is also achieved.
the ability to modify the structure or schema of one level without affecting the other level is call data independence it is of two type physical data independence logical data independence
Paraguay achieved independence from spainin 1811
Paraguay achieved independence from Spain in 1811.
Independence was achieved in 1917, but the first census was not done until 1950, with the third being in 1970. Unless you meant some different country.
Paraguay achieved independence from Spain in 1811.
In South America, Paraguay achieved independence from Spain in 1811.
suck it
Data hiding in the java is achieved through the use of encapsulation.
they gained the resources from there independence from the great Britain
1947
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