Typically, the /etc/shadow file. This file contains the actual password hashes for each user and is 'root' readable only. By contrast, the /etc/passwd file is world readable and necessarily so. The actual passwords are not stored on Unix/Linux systems ever, in encrypted format or any other format, only the hashes are stored. This question sounds suspiciously like one copied from a test of some kind. If so, tsk, tsk.
Most Unix systems no longer store the passwords in the password file; it is stored in a private file called /etc/shadow, only accessible by the root account. The passwords are stored in encrypted form in that file.
in /etc/shadow file, encrypted
in /etc/shadow file, encrypted
User account information can be found inside /etc/passwd file; the password field is the second one using ":" as the field delimiter.In case the password there is a lower-case "x", then the encrypted passwords is stored inside /etc/shadowfile.For more information look at the output of these commands:* man 5 passwd * man 5 shadow
The root password is stored in hashed form in the /etc/shadow file.
The passwd file is public and readable by anyone. For this reason you do not want to have some sensitive information placed there, such as the user's password. Passwords and password aging rules are stored in the shadow file that is only accessible by the root administrator account. This way information that is displayed by commands such as 'finger' can use public information but sensitive information such as the password of a user is not accessible.
The first file system Linux supported was the MINIX file system.
There is no set file manager in linux. Examples of Linux file managers include but: Nautilus (GNOME) Thunar (XFCE) Dolphin (KDE)
There is no "last file" to Linux, as 1.) there is no specification as to what files need to be present in a Linux system, other than the kernel, 2.) you would have to define whether "last" meant the last file placed on the disk, or the last file in alphabetical order, and 3.) the system may use an initial ram disk, which has additional files in a compressed form, and will create device nodes upon boot.
Hmm... The recommended method of changing your password on Linux (or Unix for that matter), is to use the passwd command.To change another user's password, switch user to rootand issue the command:# passwd other_user Your question seems to indicate that you really want to directly edit your passwd and shadow files on your Linux distribution. Unless you really, really know what you're doing, I recommend against this.If you do know what you're doing, use the vi (or other editor - vi is the best editor ever made though) editor and directly edit your /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files.Of course, should you subsequently discover you can no longer access your system, it may behoove you to go back to your Linux/Unix basics and begin all over again. May I suggest, as an excellent starting point, learn all that you can about the world's most wonder editor, the editor vi. :)
You can't give password to a notepad file. If u wish to protect ur file. Cut that file/files into a compressed(zipped folder) and then select 'add password' in 'file'. Give password. Hereafter whenever u open this file, it will ask u password.
The Linux VFS (Virtual File System) may be thought of as a sort of interface between the Linux kernel and the mounted file systems. There can be many different file system types mounted simultaneously and VFS allows the Linux kernel to see and address them all in a similar way. This provides Linux with a great deal of flexibility. [JMH]