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What is 3-Methylhistidine?
Histidine is one of the amino acids present in the actin and myosine of muscles. As the muscles contract, some of the histidines are released from the muscle in to the blood. Having been methylated, these histidines are converted to 3-methylhistidnie. Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine is a marker of muscle mass in laboratory analyses. HosAta
What is the down side to beta alanine pro?
It is probable that the paraesthesia, a form of neuropathic pain, results from high peak blood-plasma concentrations of β-alanine since greater quantities, ingested in the form of the β-alanine / histidine (or methylhistidine) containing dipeptides (i.e. carnosine and anserine) in meat, do not cause the same symptoms. In this case the β-alanine absorption profile is flattened but sustained for a longer period of time,[5] whereas, the β-alanine samples in the studies were administered as gelatine capsules containing powder. This resulted in plasma concentrations rising rapidly, peaking within 30 to 45 minutes, and being eliminated after 90 to 120 minutes. The paraesthesia caused is no indication of efficacy since the published studies undertaken so far have utilised doses of 400 mg or 800 mg at a time to avoid the paraesthesia. Furthermore, excretion of β-alanine in urine accounted for 0.60%(+/-0.09), 1.50%(+/-0.40) and 3.64%(+/-0.47) of the administered doses of 10, 20, or 40 mg per kg body weight,[5] indicating greater losses occurring with increasing dosage.
Aminoaciduria?
DefinitionAminoaciduria is an abnormal amount of amino acids in the urine. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body.This article discusses the test used to look for increased amounts of amino acids in the urine.See also:Amino acids blood testInborn errors of metabolismAlternative NamesAmino acids - urine; Urine amino acidsHow the test is performedA clean-catch urine sample is needed. This is often done at your doctor's office or health clinic.How to prepare for the testNo special preparations are necessary. Make sure your doctor knows about all the medicines you or your child are taking or have recently used. If this test is being done on an infant who is breast-feeding, make sure the health care provider knows what medicines the nursing mother is taking.How the test will feelThe test involves only normal urination.Why the test is performedThis test is done to measure amino acid levels in the urine. There are many different types of amino acids. It is common for some of each kind to be found in the urine, but increased levels of individual amino acids can be a sign of an inborn error of metabolism.Normal ValuesThe specific value is measured in micromoles per deciliter (micromol/dL).Alanine Children: 65 to 190Adults: 160 to 690Alpha-aminoadipic acid Children: 25 to 78Adults: 0 to 165Alpha-amino-N-butyric acid Children: 7 to 25Adults: 0 to 28Arginine Children: 10 to 25Adults: 13 to 64Asparagine Children: 15 to 40Adults: 34 to 100Aspartic acidChildren: 10 to 26Adults: 14 to 89Beta-alanine Children: 0 to 42Adults: 0 to 93Beta-amino-isobutyric acid Children: 25 to 96Adults: 10 to 235Carnosine Children: 34 to 220Adults: 16 to 125Citrulline Children: 0 to 13Adults: 0 to 11Cystine Children: 11 to 53Adults: 28 to 115Glutamic acid Children: 13 to 22Adults: 27 to 105Glutamine Children: 150 to 400Adults: 300 to 1,040Glycine Children: 195 to 855Adults: 750 to 2,400Histidine Children: 46 to 725Adults: 500 to 1,500Hydroxyproline Children: not measuredAdults: not measuredIsoleucine Children: 3 to 15Adults: 4 to 23Leucine Children: 9 to 23Adults: 20 to 77Lysine Children: 19 to 140Adults: 32 to 290Methionine Children: 7 to 20Adults: 5 to 301-methylhistidine Children: 41 to 300Adults: 68 to 8553-methylhistidine Children: 42 to 135Adults: 64 to 320Ornithine Children: 3 to 16Adults: 5 to 70PhenylalanineChildren: 20 to 61Adults: 36 to 90Phosphoserine Children: 16 to 34Adults: 28 to 95Phosphoethanolamine Children: 24 to 66Adults: 17 to 95Proline Children: not measuredAdults: not measuredSerine Children: 93 to 210Adults: 200 to 695Taurine Children: 62 to 970Adults: 267 to 1,290Threonine Children: 25 to 100Adults: 80 to 320Tyrosine Children: 30 to 83Adults: 38 to 145Valine Children: 17 to 37Adults: 19 to 74What abnormal results meanIncreased total urine amino acids may be due to:AlkaptonuriaCanavan diseaseCystinosisCystathioninuriaFructose intoleranceGalactosemiaHartnup diseaseHomocystinuriaHyperammonemiaHyperparathyroidismMaple syrup urine diseaseMethylmalonic acidemiaMultiple myelomaOrnithine transcarbamylase deficiencyOsteomalaciaPropionic acidemiaRicketsTyrosinemia type 1Tyrosinemia type 2Viral hepatitisWilson's diseaseSpecial considerationsFailure to have the urine sample promptly evaluated in the laboratory alters the results of the test.This test is ineffective if the baby is under 6 weeks old and has not been fed dietary protein in the last 48 hours.Urine chromatography is necessary to accurately measure increased levels of specific amino acids.Screening infants for increased levels of amino acids can lead to early diagnosis of an inborn error of metabolism. If the condition is promptly treated, complications such as severe mental retardationmay be prevented.
Plasma amino acids?
DefinitionPlasma amino acids is a screening test done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body.See also:Amino acids - urineInborn errors of metabolismNewborn screening testsAlternative NamesAmino acids blood testHow the test is performedA blood sample is needed. The area (usually the heel) is cleansed with germ-killing solution, and the skin is punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.The blood sample is sent to a lab. Chromatography is used to determine the amino acids levels in the blood.How to prepare for the testThe baby should not be fed for 4 hours before the test.See also: Test/procedure preparation - infantHow the test will feelThe needle stick will probably cause the infant to cry.When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedThis test is done to measure the level of amino acids in the blood.An increased level of a particular amino acid is a strong sign that there is a problem with the body's ability to break down (metabolize) that amino acid.The test may also be used to look for decreased levels of amino acids in the blood, which may occur with fevers, inadequate nutrition, and certain medical conditions.Normal ValuesAll measurements are in micromole per liter (micro mol/L). Normal values may vary between different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results.Alanine Children: 200 to 450Adults: 230 to 510Alpha-aminoadipic acid Children: not measuredAdults: not measuredAlpha-amino-N-butyric acid Children: 8 to 37Adults: 15 to 41Arginine Children: 44 to 120Adults: 13 to 64Asparagine Children: 15 to 40Adults: 45 to 130Aspartic acidChildren: 0 to 26Adults: 0 to 6Beta-alanine Children: 0 to 49Adults: 0 to 29Beta-amino-isobutyric acid Children: not measuredAdults: not measuredCarnosine Children: not measuredAdults: not measuredCitrulline Children: 16 to 32Adults: 16 to 55Cystine Children: 19 to 47Adults: 30 to 65Glutamic acid Children: 32 to 140Adults: 18 to 98Glutamine Children: 420 to 730Adults: 390 to 650Glycine Children: 110 to 240Adults: 170 to 330Histidine Children: 68 to 120Adults: 26 to 120Hydroxyproline Children: 0 to 5Adults: not measuredIsoleucine Children: 37 to 140Adults: 42 to 100Leucine Children: 70 to 170Adults: 66 to 170Lysine Children: 120 to 290Adults: 150 to 220Methionine Children: 13 to 30Adults: 16 to 301-methylhistidine Children: not measuredAdults: not measured3-methylhistidine Children: 0 to 52Adults: 0 to 64Ornithine Children: 44 to 90Adults: 27 to 80PhenylalanineChildren: 26 to 86Adults: 41 to 68Phosphoserine Children: 0 to 12Adults: 0 to 12Phosphoethanolamine Children: 0 to 12Adults: 0 to 55Proline Children: 130 to 290Adults: 110 to 360Serine Children: 93 to 150Adults: 56 to 140Taurine Children: 11 to 120Adults: 45 to 130Threonine Children: 67 to 150Adults: 92 to 240Tyrosine Children: 26 to 110Adults: 45 to 74Valine Children: 160 to 350Adults: 150 to 310What abnormal results meanAn increase in the total level of amino acids in the blood amino may be due to:EclampsiaFructose intoleranceKetoacidosis(from diabetes)Kidney failureReye syndromeA decrease in the total level of amino acids in the blood may be due to:Adrenal cortical hyperfunctionFeverHartnup diseaseHuntington's choreaMalnutritionNephrotic syndromePhlebotomus feverRheumatoid arthritisHigh or low concentrations of individual plasma amino acids must be interpreted along with other clinical information. Abnormal results may be due to diet, hereditary problems with the ability of the body to handle the amino acid, or to drug effects.What the risks areRisks associated with having blood drawn are slight:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Special considerationsScreening infants for increased levels of amino acids can lead to early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. Early treatment for such conditions may prevent complications such as severe mental retardation.
