What is more ancient Rome or Israel?

Answer 1

The question as phrased is subject to two different interpretations each with a different answer.

What organizational/political structure has been in existence longer: Modern Israel or Modern Rome?

Israel didn't exist 100 years ago.If you look at a 80 year old map you will see Israel is not there. Rome is hundreds of year old.

What people/national identity existed first: the Israelites or the Romans?

The Israelites preceded the Romans by over 500 years. the Davidic Period in Ancient Israel occurred while what would become Rome was part of a Greek colony on the Po River. The Romans did not really come into the fore until the 300s and 200s B.C.E., long after the Israelites had been conquered by the Babylonians (586 B.C.E.)