mutual discussion and arrangement of the terms of a transaction or agreement: the negotiation of a treaty.
Stalemate is a word that means the point at which negotiatons make no progress and no possible solution in sight.
Yes. The Speaker of the House (currently John Boehner) is in charge of the House of Representatives, and he issues invitations to speakers. He even issues the invitation for the president to give the State of the Union address. If the president wants to speak to a joint session of Congress, he requests an invitation from the Speaker. It is seldom done, but the Speaker can refuse to issue the invitation. You can tell the hierarchy of people by just looking at their positions on the dais. The Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate (who is also the Vice - President) occupy the highest level. The person giving the speech occupies a lower level. You could think of the Speaker as the host; he issues the invitation, just as the president would issue invitations to people to go to the White House, where the president is the host. In the recent (Sept. 2011) situation where the president requested an invitation, and was told to choose a different date, the president did not follow protocol when he made it a public issue. These negotiatons have always been done in private in the past, and the set date would be announced after an agreement was made.