A non-polar molecule is a molecule that is symmetrical in the sense that the atoms on the outside pull equally on the central atom, thus not causing any differences in electronegativity.
A star connection is where the three phase nonpolarities are tied to a single point, and very often grounded. A delta connection is where the nonpolarity of one phase is tied to the polarity of another phase, forming a greek delta shape. If measuring from polarity to nonpolarity on a single phase, in the star formation you are looking at L-N voltages; in the delta connection, you are looking at L-L voltages (L-N voltages * square root of three).
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Examples of gaseous nonpolar compounds include nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). These molecules have symmetrical structures that allow for even distribution of charge, resulting in nonpolarity. Other examples include noble gases like argon (Ar) and methane (CH₄), which also exhibit nonpolar characteristics.
Fats are hydrophobic because they are composed primarily of long hydrocarbon chains, which are nonpolar and do not interact favorably with water molecules, which are polar. This nonpolarity prevents fats from dissolving in water, leading to their characteristic behavior of repelling water. Additionally, the molecular structure of fats, including triglycerides, lacks charged or polar functional groups that could form hydrogen bonds with water, further contributing to their hydrophobic nature.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is considered nonpolar primarily due to its symmetrical molecular structure and the presence of nonpolar C-H bonds in its long hydrocarbon chains. Although it has polar ester functional groups, the overall arrangement of the molecules allows the nonpolar characteristics to dominate. Additionally, the linear arrangement of the polymer chains minimizes polar interactions, contributing to its nonpolar behavior in many applications. This nonpolarity affects its solubility and interactions with other substances.
In fact you can call caffeine both polar and nonpolar, as caffeine (or 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) consist of both polar and nonpolar components.. On the internet I've seen a lot of people using caffeines ability to disolve in water as an argument for it to be polar.. This is not a good argument though, as caffeine in fact disolves in oils too due to the nonpolarity which I mentioned..
The transformer connection. Transformers can be connected in Wye (One side of each winding connected to the phase wire and the other connected to neutral or ground) or Delta (the polarity of each winding connected to the nonpolarity of another winding to form a triangle).There are different problems that arise as a result of being connected wye vs. delta or vice versa, and multiple fixes or partial fixes to address these.Alternative Answer'Wye' (also known as 'star') and 'delta' (also known as 'mesh') are two methods (there are others!) of connecting the three phase windings of alternators, transformers, and loads such as motors). A wye connection is generally a four-wire system, comprising three line conductors and a neutral conductor, whereas a deltaconnection is a three-wire system, comprising three line conductors. For a perfectly-balanced load (e.g. a three-phase motor), a wye-connected system can dispense with the neutral conductor. In wye-connected systems, the line voltage (line-to-line) is 1.732 times larger than the phase voltage (line-to-neutral). In a delta-connected system the line voltage is exactly the same as the phase voltage (line-to-line in both cases).
Well it depends on the solvent you are using, but lets assume you use pentane as the solvent for fluorene and diethyl ether as the solvent for fluorenone. Used in this order, fluorene should actaully move slower down the column due to the the polarity of the alumina and the nonpolarity of the solvent (pentane). Since fluorene is less polar so, remember the rule like dissolves like? Well, this kind of applies to chromatography wherein rather than dissolve just replace it with moves with, so like moves with like. That being said the pentane will "carry" the fluorene through the alumina slower than the latter (which I will explain). Fluorenone is polar because of its C=O bond, that being said the dielectric constant of diethyl ether is 4.3 which means it has intermediate polarity (remember that pentane has a dielectric constant of 2.1 I think, so it is nonpolar). Since the alumina, diethyl ether, and the fluorenone are all polar, the fluorenone will travel faster through the alumina than would the fluorene, because there is no attraction between all these polar compounds which will allow it to move faster, rather than a nonpolar and polar chemical having an attration towards each other and thus moving more slowly. Hope this helps, Branden