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Gain may not be exactly the right word but the standard transfer function is that 1 millivolt between electrodes causes a 10 mm deflection of the pen on the graph paper.

Some machines have selectable gains, these are on top of this transfer function and are not standard nor are they usually specified in any absolute scale. They are called things like "normal" and "high" which doesn't tell you much.

Amplifying a millivolt to produce a 1cm deflection is not really very hard. The hard part is digging the actual EKG signal out of all of the noise. There is sub-hz noise from patient motion, such as breathing, change of skin resistance from perspiration and/or evaporation, etc. There are myoelectric signals which are really difficult since the EKG is basically a myoelectric signal anyway. There is always a lot of line frequency (50/60 Hz) noise. Overall, bandwidth is around .05 to 150 Hz.

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Q: What is normal gain on ekg machines?
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