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What are the features in java that makes it similar to C programming?
Java is not similar to C. Java is, however, similar to C++. Both C++ and Java are object orientated programming languages (OOPL's).
What are examples of Object Oriented programming language?
Machine code, assembly language and C are all non-object oriented programming languages. Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and BASIC were originally non-object oriented languages but there are now object-oriented variants of these languages. C++, C# and Java were all designed with object-oriented programming in mind from the outset.
Oops concepts in cpp?
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is the implementation (programming) of Object Oriented Design (OOD). The two usually go together, in in OOD/OOP. OOD is a concept where the design of a solution to a problem revolves around the objects it manipulates, specifically, standardizing the way we think about the attributes (data) and methods (operations) available in an object. While C++ is particularly well suited to OOP, the OOP paradigm can (and should) be extended to cover everything that a program manipulates, even to the extent of simple scalar variables such as an integer. This philosophy is based on some of the definitions of a "object", i.e. that is has storage, the contents of that storage has meaning, and that there are certain operations that can be performed on that storage using a defined interface. Using this concept, even an assembly programming language can be considered to be an Object Oriented Programming Language (OOPL)! What makes C++ and other OOPL's unique are the added concepts of inheritance, polymorphism, and data encapsulation, to name just three. Inheritance is the concept that an object can be declared/defined, and then a child object can inherit the parent object's design and extend it to include other, more specific, functionality. For example, you could design an object (we call them classes) that represents a person. The person class could describe a person's name, address, and social security number. The type of functions (we call them methods) that you could perform on a person could be to set or get their name, address, and social security number. You could then design a class that represents an employee. It could use class person as a base class, and then extend that implementation to include things such as work location, job title, and salary. Class employee has all of the capabilities of class person, but you do not have to write a single line of code for that implementation - you just write the code for the employee extension. Polymorphism is the concept that you can have pointers to various classes, and invoke a same named method, such as "print()", and the code selected will be the code for the type of object to which the pointer refers to. For example, person.print() would behave different than employee.print(). While this might seem trite, it becomes important when you have pointers that can refer to multiple types of related classes, and you want to virtualize the interface to classes pointed to by those pointers at run time, instead of at compile time. Data Encapsulation is, perhaps, one of the most important aspects of OOP/OOD. You design a class, such as person. Inside that class, lets say you define the person's name as an array of characters, say of length 25. You hide that attribute from any derived classes, such as employee, and force access to person.name though a method such as person::getName(). Everything is fine until one day, when you get a person with a 27 character name. You refactor the class person. You could make the array be 64 characters but, instead, you make it a pointer to a dynamically sized array. If you designed the interface person::getName() correctly, then the derived class employee does not need to change, you can relink everything and all is well. This capability can not be overestimated. Prior to OOD/OOP, there was a tendency for programmers to write code that used global variables, variables with scope throughout the program. As the program evolves, functions use those variables in ways that depend on the implementation. One day, you change the implementation, and now you need to go on a "hunt and destroy" mission to find all references to that variable. You might miss some. Bad. Worse, some function misunderstands the variable and uses it for something else, damaging it. Later, often much later, the program crashes, but not at a point that makes any sense. Data encapsulation is the concept of making variable (attributes) of a class be totally private to that class. The defined, or exposed, methods and (sometimes) attributes of a class is called the public interface. So long as that public interface does not change, then any user of that class does not need to be changed when the non-public part of the class changes.
What are the characteristic of Object Oriented programming?
the features of oop are:Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.Programs are divided into what are known as objects.Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects.Functions that operate on the data of an object are tied together in the data structure.Data is Hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.Objects may communicate with each other through functions.New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.Follows bottom-up approach in program design.others are :· Robust· Multi threaded· Architecture Neutral· High Performance· Distributed· Dynamic
What are the classification of programming languages differentiate each?
Imperative languages, also called algorithmic languages, are probablythe most prevalent among the programming language paradigms today.Their programs are constructed as algorithms or as sequences ofexecutable instructions.These languages are greatly concerned with variables and includecommands for sequentially allocating memory space or CPU locations tothese variables and for correspondingly changing their values throughassignment statements or procedure execution.The three main categories of imperative languages are as follows:· Block-Structured or Procedural Languages - These languages areprocess or "how" oriented. Their basic unit of modularization is thefunction or the procedure. A modular unit is comprised of a set ofdata declarations and statements. Examples: ALGOL, Pascal,Modula-2, Ada, and C.· Object-Oriented Languages - These languages are data or "what"centered and implement the principle of program decomposition,data abstraction, and information hiding. They are based on thefundamental concept of objects. Examples: Smalltalk, C++, Java,and Visual Basic.· Distributed Programming Languages - These languages supportmore than one processor working either simultaneously oralternately with other processors in order to complete a task or tosolve a problem.Declarative languages are those based on relations or functions. Theyinclude facilities for writing declarations or truths. Compared toimperative languages, they are considered to have higher level than theformer since they work around concepts and not with a machine'sstorage locations.The three main categories of declarative languages are as follows:· Functional or Applicative Languages - These languages considerthe function as their major organizing principle. Examples: LISP,APL, and ML.· Logic Programming - These languages describe computingproblems in the form of predicate logic statements. PROLOG is thefirst thing that comes to mind when talking about logic programming.· Languages for Databases - Languages that support databasesinclude facilities for accessing/selecting data from database entities,and describing relationships between data entities. Example: SQL.
4 letter word that ends in l?
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Difference between const in C and final in Java?
Static: we can use the keyword static either to method or to a variable. when we declare to a method,(eg: public static void main(String args[]),we can use this method without any object. when we use to a variable,there will be only one instance of that variable irrespective of how many objects that get created of that class. Final: Usage of final to method or to a variable makes them as constant. It's value cannot be changed...
Explain the different object based and object oriented concepts in C?
A data structure (declared with the struct keyword) should be used to define a plain-old data type (a POD). A POD is a class, but one that has trivial construction and no invariants or methods (there is no encapsulation). PODs are primarily used for compatibility between C++ and C code, since C has no understanding of objects.
