The two links are for the current directory (.) and the parent directory (..). This is allow for easy directory traversal.
The '.' refers to the current directory that you are working in, and the '..' refers to its parent (i.e. the directory just above the one you are now in).
Root directory.
Neither are actually files. They are references to directories, the current one and the parent directory, respectively. They can be used in file copy and move operations in place of explicitly printing the directory names. For instance:mv ./* ..would move all files from the child directory into it's parent.
When a user logs in to a Unix system, the current working directory normally starts at the directory/file
ls -lR directory
CD /
Once your in the directory you have to type the following: du -a
Directory tree structure in Unix always starts at the top node, or "root" node. It contains all of the major level subdirectories underneath it. The root directory is called "/" (root).
root directory is the top of the directory tree. it is \ on windows (or c:\ d:\ etc.) and / on unix/linux
The ls command.
The host file in Unix is usually located in the /etc directory.