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Payroll taxes are proportional, aka, progressive. A progressive tax recognizes that high income earners are more able to pay taxes than their low income counterparts, and that, in order to pay their fair share, they must pay a greater proportion of their (large) incomes to the state than that proportion paid by low earners.

By contrast, Sales taxes are regressive, because by taxing consumption at the same rate regardless of an individuals income & wealth circumstances, they are effectively taking a greater proportion of low earners disposable cash.

The moral principle here is fundamental to the split between American Conservatives (Republicans) and Liberals (Democrats.) In general, the Right Wing of the Republican party beliefs that property rights are above all sacrosanct, while the Left Wing of the Democratic party sees social justice as an essential goal of government, as well as a practical necessity for a modern economy.

The terms progressive and regressive can be used in a mix and match fashion. A "luxury tax" is a progressive version of a sales tax... the rationale is that, because items such as foreign sports scars, yachts, and $10m homes are typically bought by high income individuals, the state can achieve some level of social justice by levying special taxes on these items.

Still, your point of view influences whether you see a tax as progressive or regressive. Billionaire Larry Ellison can pay the luxury tax on his yacht much more easily than millionaire Joe Blow could on a similar boat. Thus a truly progressive luxury tax would means test the buyer (eg, use the AGI off his 1040) and charge him a proportionately higher amount. In a just (leftist) society, the graduated luxury tax would be so severe that the absolute best yacht Ellison would be able to afford would be nearly the same as everyone else's boat.

Value Added Taxes (VAT) are a European thing, and thus not worth discussing here.

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Q: What is payroll taxes classified as regressive or proportional or progressive?
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