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What is performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis or to relieve intracranial pressure?
a craniectomy
What else can I help you with?
Is performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial pressure?
a craniectomy
What is performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial pressure?
Surgical intervention is typically performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis. The surgery involves the reshaping of the skull to correct the abnormal fusion of the cranial sutures. In cases of increased intracranial pressure, a shunt may be placed to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body, relieving the pressure.
What is used to treat a patient with craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial?
Craniectomy
What is performed to treat a patient with craniostenosis?
craniectomy
Hyperventilating a patient to a PaCO2 of 25-30mmlHg for a short period will help with?
decrease intracranial pressure
How might the fontanels be used to estimate intracranial pressure?
Fontanels are soft spots on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fused. By feeling the tension or bulging of the fontanels, healthcare providers can get an indirect estimate of intracranial pressure. If the fontanels are tense and bulging, it could indicate increased intracranial pressure, while sunken fontanels may indicate dehydration or decreased intracranial pressure.
What is Required to relieve the intracranial pressure?
provide complete bed rest without toilet privilege, positioning, position patient in semi Fowler's position and giving Mannitol as prescribed by the doctor.
Increased intracranial pressure?
DefinitionIncreased intracranial pressure is a rise in the pressure inside the skull that can result from or cause brain injury.Alternative NamesICP; Intracranial pressure - increased; Intracranial hypertension; Acute increased intracranial pressure; Sudden increased intracranial pressureCauses, incidence, and risk factorsIncreased intracranial pressure can be due to a rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. It can also be due to increased pressure within the brain matter caused by a mass (such as a tumor), bleeding into the brain or fluid around the brain, or swelling within the brain matter itself.An increase in intracranial pressure is a serious medical problem. The pressure itself can damage the brain or spinal cord by pressing on important brain structures and by restricting blood flow into the brain.Many conditions can increase intracranial pressure. Common causes include:Aneurysmrupture and subarachnoid hemorrhageBrain tumorEncephalitisHydrocephalus(increased fluid around the brain)Hypertensive brain hemorrhageIntraventricular hemorrhageMeningitisSevere head injurySubdural hematomaStatus epilepticusStrokeSymptomsInfants:DrowsinessSeparated suturesBulging of the soft spot on top of the head (bulging fontanelle)VomitingOlder children and adults:Behavior changesDecreased consciousnessHeadacheLethargyNeurological problemsSeizuresVomitingSigns and testsA health care provider will usually make this diagnosis at the patient's bedside in an emergency room or hospital. Primary care doctors may sometimes spot early symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, seizures, or neurological problems.An MRI or CT scan of the head can often determine the cause and confirm the diagnosis.Intracranial pressure may be measured during a spinal tap (lumbar puncture). It can also be measured directly by using a device that is drilled through the skull or a tube (catheter) that is inserted inside the brain.TreatmentSudden increased intracranial pressure is an emergency. The person will be treated in the intensive care unit of the hospital. The health care team will measure and monitor the patient's neurological and vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.Treatment may include:Breathing supportDraining of cerebrospinal fluid to lower pressure in the brainMedications to decrease swellingRarely, removal of part of the skullIf a tumor, hemorrhage, or other underlying problem has caused the increase in intracranial pressure, the cause should be treated as appropriate.For information regarding treatment for certain causes of increased intracranial pressure, see:HydrocephalusNormal pressure hydrocephalusExpectations (prognosis)Sudden increased intracranial pressure is a serious and often deadly condition. If the underlying cause of the raised intracranial pressure can be treated, then the outlook is generally better.If the increased pressure pushes on important brain structures and blood vessels, it can lead to serious, permanent problems or even death.ComplicationsDeathPermanent neurological problemsReversible neurological problemsSeizuresStrokeCalling your health care providerA health care provider will usually make this diagnosis in an emergency room or hospital.PreventionThis condition usually cannot be prevented. If you have a persistent headache, blurred vision, changes in your level of alertness, neurological problems, or seizures, seek medical attention as soon as possible.ReferencesLing GSF. Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 422.
Is it possible to regain your vision?
Pseudotumor cerebri, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or benign intracranial hypertension is the syndrome of increased intracranial hypertension in patients without structural brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities.1-4 The annual incidence is 0.9 per 100,000 persons.1 Blindness is the most debilitating complication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and it occurs more often in patients who do not respond to medical treatment.1 We report a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in an HIV-infected person with vision loss who did not respond to therapy.CASE SUMMARYA 28-year-old, nonobese, African American man with confirmed HIV infection since 2003 presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 2-week history of headache, vomiting, nausea, and dizziness. He acquired his HIV infection through sexual contact with an HIV-positive man. His disease was well controlled at presentation; his CD4+ cell count was 524/µL and HIV RNA level was below 75 copies/mL. He was being treated with an antiretroviral drug regimen of ritonavir-boosted ata-zanavir, tenofovir, and lamivudine. Findings from a CT scan of the head were unremarkable.A lumbar puncture was performed in the ED. There was no indication in the patient's chart that a funduscopic examination had been performed or that a CSF opening pressure had been obtained. CSF studies revealed normal glucose and protein values but a white blood cell (WBC) count of 14/µL (normal, 0 to 6), with 97% lymphocytes (lymphocytic predominance) (normal, 70%). Results of CSF Cryptococcusantigen testing and bacterial, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures were negative at the main hospital laboratory and state reference laboratory. He was discharged on a regimen of promethazine and analgesics for treatment of his symptoms.The patient returned to the hospital 1 week later with persistent headache, nausea, and vomiting as well as neck stiffness and photophobia. A second lumbar puncture was performed, and the CSF opening pressure was elevated at 430 mm H2O (normal, 60 to 200). New CSF studies revealed a WBC count of 34/µL, with a lymphocytic predominance of 93%, and normal glucose and protein values. Results of repeated CSF Cryptococcus antigen testing and bacterial, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures remained negative. The patient received scheduled analgesics and was discharged.The patient returned to the HIV clinic with concerns of declining vision, nausea, and headache. A funduscopic examination was performed and showed papilledema. He was admitted to the hospital with a CSF opening pressure of 340 mm H2O on lumbar puncture. Laboratory tests were repeated, and results were unremarkable. Findings from MRI and angiography of the head and spine were unremarkable, and cultures of the CSF and blood were negative. Empiric therapy with acetazolamide was started. His vision improved, and he was discharged.The patient underwent biweekly lumbar puncture until he was lost to follow-up. He had been nonadherent to his acetazolamide therapy because of diarrhea.The patient returned to the HIV clinic several months later with decreased vision. An internal CSF shunt was placed, and he underwent optic nerve sheath fenestration but was unable to regain his vision.DISCUSSIONIdiopathic intracranial hypertension is a diagnosis of exclusion. Criteria for a diagnosis are the following:• Symptoms and signs attributable to increased intracranial pressure or papilledema.• Elevated intracranial pressure (greater than 250 mm H2O).• Normal CSF composition.• No imaging evidence of ventriculomegaly or a structural cause for increased intracranial pressure.• No other identified cause of intracranial hypertension.Common symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are headache; tinnitus; and visual disturbances, including diplopia, visual scotomata, and obscurations. Papilledema and cranial nerve palsies are often observed. Findings from a CSF analysis are usually unremarkable, but occasionally there is a small increase in WBC count and protein level. A CSF culture is usually sterile. Visual loss is typically insidious, but in patients with severe papilledema, the visual loss can progress to permanent blindness within hours. The case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in our patient is the eighth reported case of the disease in a patient with HIV infection (Table).3-8The pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension remains unclear, but theories revolve around 3 basic principles: increased CSF volume due to excess CSF production, increased cerebral blood volume or brain water content, and obstruction of CSF or venous outflow. CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis has commonly been reported in HIV-infected persons with or without idiopathic intracranial hypertension.1,2In the literature, non-HIV-related causes, such as cerebrovascular accident, endocrine abnormality, and obesity, are commonly noted to have an association with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Therapy is indicated for patients with visual acuity or visual field loss, moderate to severe papilledema, or persistent headaches. Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension may involve CSF removal, weight loss, and surgery. Acetazolamide, the first-line therapy, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases the secretion of CSF by the choroid plexus. Medical treatment is usually given for 6 months in patients who show clinical improvement. One of the following surgical procedures may be used for treatment: optic fenestration, cutting the dura around the optic nerve to decrease pressure, or intracranial shunting to create an artificial passage where excess CSF can be returned to the systemic circulation.Source - http://www.musculoskeletalnetwork.com/hypertension/article/1145619/1362970?verify=0
How is the Valsalva maneuver done formally?
When performed formally, the patient is asked to blow against an aneroid pressure measuring device (manometer) and maintain a pressure of 40 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) for 30 seconds.
Is CPR performed any differently if patient has a defibrillator?
No, CPR isn't performed any differently if patient has a defibrillator.
How is the patient positioned for a cone biopsy?
The procedure is performed with the patient lying on her back with her legs in stirrups.
