Everything.
Philosophy forms the foundation of much of political theory, which attempts to create explanations for the occurrence of political processes, many of which have no obvious empirical nature and require serious contemplation and formulation to observe scientifically.
Buddhists, like every other philosopphy or faith group, are either: * born to their faith * convert to their faith If they convert it can only be assumed that they have discovered that the faith answers more questions for them than other similar organizations.
It depends on if you're asking about thte history of philosopphy (in this case, the answeer would be yes) or contemporary philosophy (in this case be ore complicated, but probably no). The dominant belieif in contemporary philosophy is something called physicalism, which rejects the existence of both God and the soul. There are, of course, theological philosophers, who believe in God, but they seem to be theologists first and philosophers second, and there are a few others who believe in some sort of God, though not many really ascribe to a personal, benevolent God, one who listens to our prayers and answers our questions or is waiting for us on the other side of death. Death, most philosophers believe, is permanent and real.