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Photography is based on light, which modifies the chemistry of film (or the electrical state of an electronic sensor) in much the same way that light affects the cells in the retinas of our eyes. The end result is a pattern or image that resembles what we saw.
A successful image combines several characteristics.
First, the exposuremust be correct. This means that the overall picture is neither too dark nor too light. There should be details in both the highlights and in the shadows. Whites should be white, and blacks black.
Second, the picture must be sharp. This means good resolution of at least the main subject. There must also be sufficient depth of field,which means that important subjects close to the camera and further away from it are all in sharp focus.
Third, the image must be aesthetically pleasing. For scientific imagery, aesthetics must include the ability of the image to convey the essential information to the viewer, as well as simply being pleasing to the eye. Aesthetics involves artistic judgment as well as pictorial accuracy; it includes composition, cropping, balance, color, and so on.
Let's discuss these 3 elements separately, starting with exposure
A photomicrograph-which is what I think you are asking about-is a photograph taken through a microscope.
