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What are the five titles given to Buddha?
there are tenThese ten honorific titles of the Buddhas appear in many Sutras and are reiterated frequently in the Lotus Sutra and other Sutras. The ten titles apply generally to all Buddhas everywhere.1. The One That Has Come (Tathagata) - This refers to the One that comes down to this world from the realm of the absolute spiritual reality to enlighten living beings (and then reenters Nirvana, returning back to that absolute reality).2. Worthy of Offerings or Worthy of Worship (Arhat) - Early Buddhists depended upon alms for a living and practiced begging (Bhiksu, the Sanskrit word for monk, literally means 'beggar' or requester of alms'). By giving to the Bhiksus, patrons planted good spiritual roots by practicing generosity, the primary Bodhisattva virtue. Buddhism, like any other religion, depended upon patronage to survive in this world and spread the Dharma. Those that attained true nobility and selflessness were called Arhats, 'worthy of alms' or 'worthy of worship'. By worshipping the Buddha, one practices the primary virtue of the Bodhisattvas.3. Truly Omniscient (Samyak Sambuddha) - Having the 'Wisdom of All', awakened to the oneness of all things. Seeing beyond duality and yet understanding how all things properly fit in to the great fabric of the one reality. This is understanding the three truths.4. Perfect in Illumination and Conduct(Vidya-carana-sampanna) - Perfection in both spiritual understanding (of Nirvana, selflessness, and impermanence, the 3 seals of the Dharma) as well in one's actions (thoughts, words and deeds).5. Well Departed (Sugata) - The opposite of 'The One That Has Come' (Tathagata) - One who leaves this world a better place upon leaving it.6. Understanding the World (Lokavit) - Understanding cause and effect, karma and retribution, the destiny of all paths, the past, present and future, and the Saha world, the mortal realm of Life & Death (Samsara).7. Supreme (Anuttara) - Unexcelled, peerless. It is often used in conjunction with 'Truly Omniscient'. When they are paired, it refers to the total blending of the three truths, the perfection of enlightenment.8. Tamer of Men (Purusa-damya-sarathi) - Like the tamer of elephants and lions, the Buddha is able to bring the emotional distress (klesas) of others under control and make them serene and illumined.9. Teacher of Gods and Men (Sasta deva-manusyanam) - The Buddha is able to teach of morality to gods (devas) and men (manusyas) to keep them from evil and is also able to teach them of liberation from the mortal realm of Life & Death.10. The World Honored Enlightened One (Buddha-Bhagavan or Buddha-Lokanatha) - The Enlightened or Awakened One (Buddha) refers to the one who is awakened to the true Nirvana, who recognizes that this enlightenment dwells in all living beings and who is determined to awaken this in all living beings. When revealed in this world, this enlightened one (Buddha) is honored by all living beings.
What are the levels of creation?
There are three different types of creation, calledmaha-kalpa,vikalpa andkalpa.In the maha-kalpa the Lord assumes the first purusa incarnation as Karanodakasayi Visnu with all the potencies of the mahat-tattva and the sixteen principles of creative matter and instruments. The creative instruments are eleven, the ingredients are five, and all of them are products of mahat, or materialistic ego. These creations by the Lord in His feature of Karanodakasayi Visnu are called maha-kalpa.The creation of Brahma and dispersion of the material ingredients are called vikalpa, andthe creation by Brahma in each day of his life is called kalpa. Therefore each day of Brahma is called a kalpa, and there are thirty kalpas in terms of Brahma's days.This is also confirmed in the Bhagavad-gita (8.17) as follows:sahasra-yuga-paryantamahar yad brahmano viduhratim yuga-sahasrantamte 'ho-ratra-vido janahIn the upper planetary system the duration of one complete day and night is equal to one complete year of this earth. This is accepted even by the modern scientist and attested by the astronauts. Similarly, in the region of still higher planetary systems the duration of day and night is still greater than in the heavenly planets.The four yugas are calculated in terms of the heavenly calendars and accordingly are twelve thousand years in terms of the heavenly planets. This is called a divya-yuga, and onethousand divya-yugas make one day of Brahma. The creation during the day of Brahma is called kalpa, and the creation of Brahma is called vikalpa. When vikalpas are made possible by the breathing of Maha-visnu, this is called a maha-kalpa. There are regular and systematic cycles of these maha-kalpas, vikalpas and kalpas. In answer to Maharaja Pariksit's question about them, Sukadeva Gosvami answered in the Prabhasa-khanda of the Skanda Purana.Therefore the thirty kalpas of Brahma are:(1) Sveta-kalpa,(2) Nilalohita,(3) Vamadeva,(4) Gathantara,(5) Raurava,(6) Prana,(7) Brhat-kalpa, (8) Kandarpa,(9) Sadyotha,(10) Isana,(11) Dhyana,(12) Sarasvata,(13) Udana,(14) Garuda,(15) Kaurma,(16) Narasimha,(17) Samadhi,(18) Agneya,(19) Visnuja,(20) Saura,(21) Soma-kalpa,(22) Bhavana,(23) Supuma,(24) Vaikuntha,(25) Arcisa,(26) Vali-kalpa,(27) Vairaja,(28) Gauri-kalpa,(29) Mahesvara,(30) Paitr-kalpa.These are Brahma's days only, and he has to live months and years up to one hundred, so we can just imagine how many creations there are in kalpas only. Then again there are vikalpas, which are generated by the breathing of Maha-visnu, as stated in the Brahma-samhita (yasyaika-nisvasita-kalam athavalambya jivanti loma-vilaja jagadanda-nathah [Bs. 5.48]). The Brahmas live only during the breathing period of Maha-visnu. So the exhaling and inhaling of Visnu are maha-kalpas, and all these are due to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for no one else is the master of all creations.
Mga paniniwala ng relihiyong jainismo?
♦ Para sa sinaunang Babyloniamay paniniwalang ang Diyos na si Marduk ang lumikha ng daigdig, kalangitan at Tao buhat sa kanyang pagkakagapi sa babaing halimaw na si Tiamat. Ang pagkakahating ginawa ni Marduk ka Tiamat ay nagbunsod ng paglikha sa daigdig at kalangitan. Samantala matapos naman manaig sa asawa niyang si Kingu ginamit ni Marduk ang dugo nito upang lumikha ng Tao.♦ Para sa mga Maya ng Mesoamericaang Tao ay nilikha ng mga Diyos na sina Tepeu at Gucamatz mula sa minasang mais. Ito ay matapos ang ilang mga nabigong pagtatangkang makagawa ng Tao mula sa putik at kahoy.♦ Sa Hinduism- sa mga bahagi ng katawan ng kauna-unahang taong si Purusa. Nagmula diumano ang mga taong nabibilang sa iba't - ibang caste.♦ Sa Islamang lahat ng nilikha ay nagmula ka Allah, ang tangi at nag-iisang Diyos ng mga Muslim.♦ Sa Buddhismang paglikha ay patuloy at paulit-ulit lamang. Ang isang nilalalng ay ipanganganak, mabubuhay, mawawala sa daigdig at muling ipanganganak.♦ Sa Judaism at mga Kristiyanolahat ay nilalang ng isang makapangyarihang Panginoon.♦ Sa Japanat mga mamamayan nito ay nagmula sa mga Diyos sina Izanagi at Izanami.♦ Sa Chinaang pasimula ay nagbuhat sa isang higanteng Diyos na si Phan Ku o Pangu. Sa kanyang pagkamatay, umusbong ang mga Tao mula sa mga pulgas sa kanyang katawan.♦ Sa Pilipinas- ang mga tagalog ay may kwento ukol sa paglabas Nina Malakas at Maganda mula sa isang nabiyak na kawayan.CREATION CREATIONAng lahat ng uri ng mga hayop sa kasalukuyang panahon, at maging lahat ng mga nangawala na ay kaanak ng mga unang hayop na nilikha ng Diyos sa loob ng 6 na araw. Ito ang pinalaganap na paniniwala ng madla ukol sa pinagmulan ng Tao na tinatawag na Creationism o Creation Science.Maraming uri ang kaisipang creationism, partikular sa mga relihiyong Judaism, Kristiyanismo at Islam. Sa halos 12 sistemang paniniwalang nakapaloob dito maaari itong uriin sa 2 pangkat New Earth Creationists at Old Earth Creationists.◘ NEW EARTH CREATIONISTSSila ay naniniwala na ang daigdig, mga nilalang at lahat ng mga bagay sa kalawakan ay nilikha ng Diyos halos 10,000 taon na ang nakalilipas. Ang konseptong ito ay itinataguyod ng mga taong naniniwala sa kawalang kamalian ng sagradong aklat ng Bibliya at sa pagpapalahulugan nitong literal.◘ OLD EARTH CREATIONISTS- Sila ay naniniwala na ang daigdig ay may ilang bilyong taong nang naririto. Sila ay naniniwala na ang daigdig at lahat sa kalawakan ay nlikha ng Diyos.
