What is retaining wall?

Answer 1

A retaining wall is a structure that holds backsoil or rock from a building, structure or area. Retaining walls prevent downslope movement or erosion and provide support for vertical or near-vertical grade changes. Cofferdams and bulkheads, structures that hold back water, are sometimes also considered retaining walls. Retaining walls are generally made of masonry, stone,brick, concrete, vinyl,steel or timber. Once popular as an inexpensive retaining material, railroad ties have fallen out of favor due to environmentalconcerns.

A counterfort retaining wall is generally a catilever wall with additional support, often in the form of a cable or anchor acting as a 'brace' at specified intervals