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Why did civilisations originate on riverbanks?
The early human civilisations were usually developed along river banks. The most famous of these is Ancient Egypt, which started as a simple river settlement along the River Nile, and eventually expanded into one of the largest vast empires to ever reign on the planet. The most obvious reason settlements were developed close to rivers is because humans need water to survive. Water is needed for drinking, cooking and hygiene. In the case of Ancient Egypt, the Nile was the perfect location to begin the rise of the empire because water is very scarce in the harsh desert surroundings. Early civilisations would get all their basic needs from the river to help them develop their settlement. Fisheries provided food, water provided drink and sanitisation/hygiene and some river beds contained silt or clay which helped build houses. Rivers usually attract animals, particularly in warmer climates. This is also a good food source as animals were hunted for meat as well as skin for leather, horns for crafting and so on. The land around a river is also very fertile, because it is constantly fed nutrients from the Earth by the flowing river. Therefore rivers were perfect for agriculture, another reason civilisations developed around them. Again, the most famous example is the Nile. The River Nile flooded every season, the Egyptians knew this and used it to their advantage. After every crop harvest, the Nile usually flooded, feeding and recycling the surrounding lands, keeping them fertile, allowing the Egyptians to re-use the fields again without consequence to the fertility of the land. Rivers also provided a means of transport between settlements. This was extremely useful in trades and diplomacy. They also provide some defence to the settlement, as an advancing army would be slowed down by the river. As early technology improved, the civilisations learned how to use irrigation and aqueducts to keep crops fertilised and water flowing into larger populations. It also allowed civilisations to develop basic engineering, such as water-powered mills to grind flour. During Ancient times, it was very important to develop your settlement along a river if you wished your settlement to survive. The foundations of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Babylon and Ancient China, for example, originated from riverbank settlements.
Does antibacterial sanitizer kill the Ebola virus on surfaces?
According to the Mayo Clinic, if soap and water are not available you should use "alcohol-based hand rubs containing at least 60 percent alcohol." Check the label of the product and be sure it contains at least that much alcohol, but if you have access to water, use soap and water.Other precautionary measures are: avoid areas of known outbreaks, wash hands frequently, avoid contact with infected people, avoid eating wild meat, use gloves and other protection, and do not handle remains of those who died from ebola.Some products have been independently tested specifically for Ebola and so are effective on skin and surfacesSupernova providing immediate germ protection against Ebola virus.The World Health Organisation have reported that the total number of probable, confirmed and suspected cases in the current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa is 4,269, with 2,288 deaths, as of the 6th September 2014.Countries affected to date are Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. In the past three weeks, cases have dramatically increased, with widespread and intense transmission, both inland and in the capitals. This highlights the urgent need to reinforce control measures and increase capacity for case management, safe burials, contact tracing, and social mobilization.Ebola is spread through human to human transmission with infection resulting from direct contact, through broken skin or mucous membranes with bodily fluids of infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids. Managing the spread of infection from hands and surfaces is therefore a vitally important part in preventing the spread of this deadly disease.Supernova, hand and surface germ protection products have been independently proven effective against the Ebola virus. Supernova is a unique alcohol free solution, which is proven powerfully effective against spores and non enveloped viruses, yet still gentle enough to be used on hands and surfaces safely, no mixing of chemicals or activation of wipes is required simply grab Supernova and go. The alcohol free formulation also means there are no religious implications, substance abuse issues and Supernova will not irritate the skin.Supernova is already employed in Africa and is being used to minimize the risk to life through instant infection control and by delivering a long lasting residual disinfection long after hands and surfaces have dried.Supernova provides active protection against a wide range of pathogens including Ebola. Providing a safe sanitising solution in areas where soap and clean water are not available or when a higher level of hand or surface sanitisation is required.For more information about Supernova please google supernova germ control or call +44 (0) 1332 864664
