Societal marketing is sending a message that is more of a public service with a company brand attached. Phillip Morris is a prime example of societal marketing. Phillip Morris has developed sites and commercials for those trying to quit smoking along with important health information without actually selling a product.
Market pressures - declining demand and the pressures to reduce rate and keep up the competition with other café's Societal pressures - ensuring that customers needs are met by keeping food hygiene, good service and consistency in the wireless café's services.
Production concept Product concept Selling/ Sale concept Marketing concept Societal concept
societal group
societal group
To determine the allocatively efficient quantity in a market, one must find the point where the marginal cost of production equals the marginal benefit to consumers. This occurs when resources are allocated in a way that maximizes overall societal welfare.
Production orientation: Focuses on maximizing efficiency in production processes and lowering costs to offer affordable products. Sales orientation: Emphasizes aggressive promotion and selling techniques to ensure high sales volume and maximize revenue. Market orientation: Puts customers at the center of decision-making, prioritizing understanding their needs and wants to create products that meet their demands. Societal orientation: Considers not only customers but also the broader societal well-being, incorporating social and ethical considerations into marketing strategies.
Allocative efficiency in a market can be determined by comparing the price of a good or service with the marginal cost of producing it. When the price equals the marginal cost, allocative efficiency is achieved. This means that resources are allocated in a way that maximizes overall societal welfare.
societal changes and wider economic opportunity continually expanded the number of groups with specialized product needs and buying power
One prominent free market philosopher was Adam Smith, often considered the father of modern economics. Smith's seminal work, "The Wealth of Nations," published in 1776, laid the foundation for classical economics and promoted the idea of free markets and limited government intervention. Smith argued that individuals pursuing their self-interest in a competitive market would lead to overall economic prosperity and societal benefit. His theories continue to influence economic thought and policy to this day.
An imperfection in the market mechanism that prevents optimal outcomes is known as a "market failure." This occurs when the allocation of goods and services is not efficient, leading to a loss of economic welfare. Common causes of market failure include externalities, public goods, information asymmetries, and monopolies. These factors disrupt the ideal functioning of supply and demand, resulting in outcomes that do not reflect true societal costs or benefits.
The four economic systems—traditional, command, market, and mixed—each aim to achieve specific societal goals. Traditional economies focus on cultural continuity and community welfare, while command economies prioritize equitable distribution and state control over resources. Market economies emphasize individual freedom and efficiency through competition, aiming for innovation and consumer satisfaction. Mixed economies strive to balance these goals, promoting social welfare alongside economic growth and efficiency.
The four marketing philosophies are: Production Orientation focuses on efficiency and mass production, emphasizing that consumers favor widely available and affordable products. Companies under this philosophy prioritize optimizing production processes to reduce costs. Sales Orientation centers on aggressive sales techniques to push products, believing that consumers will not buy enough without significant promotional efforts. This approach often involves heavy advertising and sales strategies to boost short-term sales. Market Orientation prioritizes understanding and responding to customer needs and preferences. Businesses adopting this philosophy conduct thorough market research to develop products that fulfill consumer desires, fostering long-term relationships and customer satisfaction. Societal Marketing Orientation extends market orientation by considering the broader societal context, aiming to balance consumer desires, company profits, and societal well-being. This approach encourages companies to engage in ethical practices and contribute positively to society while still meeting consumer needs.