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The name given to the process of life-cycle analysis embracing a number of separate but related techniques, sciences disciplines that uses managerial and financial expertise as well as engineering skills when designing, installing and running machinery.
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What is terotechnology in maintenance engineering?
it is a definite question in ptu exam-rupinder singh khalsa GNE wale
What are the components of tero technology?
The tero technology is called the terotechnology. The components of tero technology include maintenance, replacement and removal of plant machinery and equipment.
How is Tero-technology related to maintenance management?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS. Maintenance Management Management characterises the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business one, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). One can also think of management functionally as the action of measuring a quantity on a regular basis and adjusting an initial plan and the actions taken to reach one's intended goal. This applies even in situations where planning does not take place. Situational management may precede and subsume purposive management. Maintenance management will therefore characterise the process of leading and directing the maintenance organization. Before describing this process, let us make sure that we understand what a maintenance organization, with the resources belonging to it, is pursuing. Maintenance is defined as the combination of all technical, administrative and managerial actions during the life cycle of an item intended to retain it in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform the required function (function or a combination of functions of an item which are considered necessary to provide a given service). This definition clarifies the objective of maintenance and can help us to understand what part of an organization is, somehow, devoted to maintenance. We can define maintenance management as follows : "All the activities of the management that determine the maintenance objectives or priorities (defined as targets assigned and accepted by the management and maintenance department), strategies (defined as a management method in order to achieve maintenance objectives), and responsibilities and implement them by means such as maintenance planning, maintenance control and supervision, and several improving methods including economical aspects in the organization." the objectives of the MMS A. Optimize the use of available funds, personnel, and facilities and equipment through effective maintenance management methods. B. Provide accurate data for maintenance and construction program decisionmaking. C. Systematically identify maintenance needs and deficiencies and capital improvement needs at all field stations. D. Determine the unfunded maintenance backlog for the Service. E. Establish field station, Regional, and national maintenance and construction project priorities. F. Enable preparation of Service maintenance and construction budget requests using systematic, standardized procedures. G. Monitor and document corrective actions, project expenditures, and accomplishments. H. Conduct comprehensive condition assessments of all Service real property and personal property valued at $50,000 or greater. ======================================================= Various types of maintenance strategies 1. Reactive Maintenance Reactive maintenance is basically the "run it till it breaks" maintenance mode. No actions or efforts are taken to maintain the equipment as the designer originally intended to ensure design life is reached. Advantages to reactive maintenance can be viewed as a double-edged sword. If we are dealing with new equipment, we can expect minimal incidents of failure. If our maintenance program is purely reactive, we will not expend manpower dollars or incur capitol cost until something breaks. Advantages • Low cost. • Less staff. Disadvantages • Increased cost due to unplanned downtime of equipment. • Increased labor cost, especially if overtime is needed. • Cost involved with repair or replacement of equipment. • Possible secondary equipment or process damage from equipment failure. • Inefficient use of staff resources 2. Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance can be defined as follows: Actions performed on a time- or machine-run-based schedule that detect, preclude, or mitigate degradation of a component or system with the aim of sustaining or extending its useful life through controlling degradation to an acceptable level. Advantages • Cost effective in many capital intensive processes. • Flexibility allows for the adjustment of maintenance periodicity. • Increased component life cycle. • Energy savings. • Reduced equipment or process failure. • Estimated 12% to 18% cost savings over reactive maintenance program. Disadvantages • Catastrophic failures still likely to occur. • Labor intensive. • Includes performance of unneeded maintenance. • Potential for incidental damage to components in conducting unneeded maintenance. 3. Predictive Maintenance Predictive maintenance can be defined as follows: Measurements that detect the onset of a degradation mechanism, thereby allowing causal stressors to be eliminated or controlled prior to any significant deterioration in the component physical state. Results indicate current and future functional capability. Basically, predictive maintenance differs from preventive maintenance by basing maintenance need on the actual condition of the machine rather than on some preset schedule. You will recall that preventive maintenance is time-based. Activities such as changing lubricant are based on time, like calendar time or equipment run time. For example, most people change the oil in their vehicles every 3,000 to 5,000 miles traveled. This is effectively basing the oil change needs on equipment run time. No concern is given to the actual condition and performance capability of the oil. It is changed because it is time. This methodology would be analogous to a preventive maintenance task. If, on the other hand, the operator of the car discounted the vehicle run time and had the oil analyzed at some periodicity to determine its actual condition and lubrication properties, he/she may be able to extend the oil change until the vehicle had traveled 10,000 miles. This is the fundamental difference between predictive maintenance and preventive maintenance, whereby predictive maintenance is used to define needed maintenance task based on quantified material/equipment condition. The advantages of predictive maintenance are many. A well-orchestrated predictive maintenance program will all but eliminate catastrophic equipment failures. We will be able to schedule maintenance activities to minimize or delete overtime cost. We will be able to minimize inventory and order parts, as required, well ahead of time to support the downstream maintenance needs. We can optimize the operation of the equipment, saving energy cost and increasing plant reliability. Past Advantages • Increased component operational life/availability. • Allows for preemptive corrective actions. • Decrease in equipment or process downtime. • Decrease in costs for parts and labor. • Better product quality. • Improved worker and environmental safety. • Improved worker moral. • Energy savings. • Estimated 8% to 12% cost savings over preventive maintenance program. Disadvantages • Increased investment in diagnostic equipment. • Increased investment in staff training. • Savings potential not readily seen by management. 4.Reliability Centered Maintenance RCM: "a process used to determine the maintenance requirements of any physical asset in its operating context." Basically, RCM methodology deals with some key issues not dealt with by other maintenance programs. It recognizes that all equipment in a facility is not of equal importance to either the process or facility safety. It recognizes that equipment design and operation differs and that different equipment will have a higher probability to undergo failures from different degradation mechanisms than others. It also approaches the structuring of a maintenance program recognizing that a facility does not have unlimited financial and personnel resources and that the use of both need to be prioritized and optimized. In a nutshell, RCM is a systematic approach to evaluate a facility's equipment and resources to best mate the two and result in a high degree of facility reliability and cost-effectiveness. RCM is highly reliant on predictive maintenance but also recognizes that maintenance activities on equipment that is inexpensive and unimportant to facility reliability may best be left to a reactive maintenance approach. The following maintenance program breakdowns of Advantages • Can be the most efficient maintenance program. • Lower costs by eliminating unnecessary maintenance or overhauls. • Minimize frequency of overhauls. • Reduced probability of sudden equipment failures. • Able to focus maintenance activities on critical components. • Increased component reliability. • Incorporates root cause analysis. Disadvantages • Can have significant startup cost, training, equipment, etc. • Savings potential not readily seen by management. How Tero-technology is related to maintenance management, Discuss The term "technology" to refer to the study of the costs associated with an asset throughout its life cycle - from acquisition to disposal. The goals of this approach are to reduce the different costs incurred at the various stages of the asset's life and to develop methods that will help extend the asset's life span. Terotechnology uses tools such as -net present value, -internal rate of return and -discounted cash flow in an attempt to minimize the costs associated with the asset in the future. These costs can include engineering, maintenance, wages payable to operate the equipment, operating costs and even disposal costs. Also known as "life-cycle costing". For example, let's say an oil company is attempting to map out the costs of an offshore oil platform. They would use terotechnology to map out the exact costs associated with assembly, transportation, maintenance and dismantling of the platform, and finally a calculation of salvage value. This study is not an exact science: there are many different variables that need to be estimated and approximated. However, a company that does not use this kind of study may be worse off than one that approaches an asset's life cycle in a more ad hoc manner. THIS APPROACH HELPS TO OBTAINING MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM THE PHYSICAL ASSETS. THIS INVOLVES -systematic application of engineering, -financial and management expertise in the assessment of the life cycle impact of an acquisition [ plant/equipment/machines etc ] on the revenues and expenses of the acquiring organization. PRACTICE OF of terotechnology is a continuous CYCLE that begins with the DESIGN and SELECTION of the REQUIRED item, follows through with its INSTALLATION,COMMISSIONING ,OPERATION , and MAINTENANCE until the item's REMOVAL and DISPOSAL and then restarts with its REPLACEMENT .
What are the different types of maintenance systems?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS.Maintenance ManagementManagement characterises the process ofleading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business one, throughthe deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material,intellectual or intangible).One can also think of management functionally as theaction of measuring a quantity on a regular basis and adjusting an initial planand the actions taken to reach one's intended goal. This applies even insituations where planning does not take place. Situational management mayprecede and subsume purposive management.Maintenance management will therefore characterise the process of leadingand directing the maintenance organization. Before describing this process, letus make sure that we understand what a maintenance organization, with theresources belonging to it, is pursuing.Maintenance is defined as the combination of all technical,administrative and managerial actions during the life cycle of an item intendedto retain it in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform the requiredfunction (function or a combination of functions of an item which areconsidered necessary to provide a given service).This definition clarifies the objective of maintenance and can help us tounderstand what part of an organization is, somehow, devoted to maintenance.we can define maintenance management as follows :"All the activities of the management that determine the maintenanceobjectives or priorities (defined as targets assigned and accepted by themanagement and maintenance department), strategies (defined as amanagement method in order to achieve maintenance objectives), andresponsibilities and implement them by means such as maintenanceplanning, maintenance control and supervision, and several improvingmethods including economical aspects in the organization."the objectives of the MMSA. Optimize the use of available funds, personnel, and facilities and equipment through effective maintenance management methods.B. Provide accurate data for maintenance and construction program decisionmaking.C. Systematically identify maintenance needs and deficiencies and capital improvement needs at all field stations.D. Determine the unfunded maintenance backlog for the Service.E. Establish field station, Regional, and national maintenance and construction project priorities.F. Enable preparation of Service maintenance and construction budget requests using systematic, standardized procedures.G. Monitor and document corrective actions, project expenditures, and accomplishments.H. Conduct comprehensive condition assessments of all Service real property and personal property valued at $50,000 or greater.=======================================================Various types of maintenance strategies1. Reactive MaintenanceReactive maintenance is basically the "run it till it breaks" maintenance mode. No actions orefforts are taken to maintain the equipment as the designer originally intended to ensure design life isreached.Advantages to reactive maintenance can be viewed as a double-edged sword. If we are dealingwith new equipment, we can expect minimal incidents of failure. If our maintenance program ispurely reactive, we will not expend manpower dollars or incur capitol cost until something breaks.Advantages• Low cost.• Less staff.Disadvantages• Increased cost due to unplanned downtime ofequipment.• Increased labor cost, especially if overtime isneeded.• Cost involved with repair or replacement ofequipment.• Possible secondary equipment or process damagefrom equipment failure.• Inefficient use of staff resources2. Preventive MaintenancePreventive maintenance can bedefined as follows: Actions performed ona time- or machine-run-based schedulethat detect, preclude, or mitigate degradationof a component or system with theaim of sustaining or extending its usefullife through controlling degradation to anacceptable level.Advantages• Cost effective in many capital intensive processes.• Flexibility allows for the adjustment of maintenanceperiodicity.• Increased component life cycle.• Energy savings.• Reduced equipment or process failure.• Estimated 12% to 18% cost savings over reactivemaintenance program.Disadvantages• Catastrophic failures still likely to occur.• Labor intensive.• Includes performance of unneeded maintenance.• Potential for incidental damage to components inconducting unneeded maintenance.3. Predictive MaintenancePredictive maintenance can be defined as follows: Measurements that detect the onset of a degradationmechanism, thereby allowing causal stressors to be eliminated or controlled prior to any significantdeterioration in the component physical state. Results indicate current and future functionalcapability.Basically, predictive maintenance differsfrom preventive maintenance by basingmaintenance need on the actualcondition of the machine rather than onsome preset schedule. You will recall thatpreventive maintenance is time-based.Activities such as changing lubricant arebased on time, like calendar time orequipment run time. For example, mostpeople change the oil in their vehiclesevery 3,000 to 5,000 miles traveled. Thisis effectively basing the oil change needson equipment run time. No concern isgiven to the actual condition and performancecapability of the oil. It is changedbecause it is time. This methodologywould be analogous to a preventive maintenancetask. If, on the other hand, theoperator of the car discounted the vehiclerun time and had the oil analyzed at someperiodicity to determine its actual conditionand lubrication properties, he/she may be able to extend the oil change until the vehicle hadtraveled 10,000 miles. This is the fundamental difference between predictive maintenance and preventivemaintenance, whereby predictive maintenance is used to define needed maintenance taskbased on quantified material/equipment condition.The advantages of predictive maintenance are many. A well-orchestrated predictive maintenanceprogram will all but eliminate catastrophic equipment failures. We will be able to schedulemaintenance activities to minimize or delete overtime cost. We will be able to minimize inventoryand order parts, as required, well ahead of time to support the downstream maintenance needs. Wecan optimize the operation of the equipment, saving energy cost and increasing plant reliability. PastAdvantages• Increased component operational life/availability.• Allows for preemptive corrective actions.• Decrease in equipment or process downtime.• Decrease in costs for parts and labor.• Better product quality.• Improved worker and environmental safety.• Improved worker moral.• Energy savings.• Estimated 8% to 12% cost savings over preventivemaintenance program.Disadvantages• Increased investment in diagnostic equipment.• Increased investment in staff training.• Savings potential not readily seen by management.4.Reliability Centered MaintenanceRCM: "a process used to determine the maintenance requirements of any physical asset in its operating context."Basically, RCM methodology deals with some key issues not dealt with by other maintenance programs.It recognizes that all equipment in a facility is not of equal importance to either the process orfacility safety. It recognizes that equipment design and operation differs and that different equipmentwill have a higher probability to undergofailures from different degradation mechanismsthan others. It also approachesthe structuring of a maintenance programrecognizing that a facility does not haveunlimited financial and personnel resourcesand that the use of both need to be prioritizedand optimized. In a nutshell, RCMis a systematic approach to evaluate afacility's equipment and resources to bestmate the two and result in a high degreeof facility reliability and cost-effectiveness.RCM is highly reliant on predictive maintenancebut also recognizes that maintenanceactivities on equipment that isinexpensive and unimportant to facilityreliability may best be left to a reactivemaintenance approach. The followingmaintenance program breakdowns ofAdvantages• Can be the most efficient maintenance program.• Lower costs by eliminating unnecessary maintenanceor overhauls.• Minimize frequency of overhauls.• Reduced probability of sudden equipment failures.• Able to focus maintenance activities on criticalcomponents.• Increased component reliability.• Incorporates root cause analysis.Disadvantages• Can have significant startup cost, training, equipment,etc.• Savings potential not readily seen by management.How Tero-technology is related to maintenance management, DiscussThe term "technology" to refer to the study of the costs associated with an asset throughout its life cycle - from acquisition to disposal. The goals of this approach are to reduce the different costs incurred at the various stages of the asset's life and to develop methods that will help extend the asset's life span.Terotechnology uses tools such as-net present value,-internal rate of return and-discounted cash flow in an attempt to minimize the costs associated with the asset in the future.These costs can include engineering, maintenance, wages payable to operate the equipment, operating costs and even disposal costs.Also known as "life-cycle costing".For example, let's say an oil company is attempting to map out the costs of an offshore oil platform. They would use terotechnology to map out the exact costs associated with assembly, transportation, maintenance and dismantling of the platform, and finally a calculation of salvage value.This study is not an exact science: there are many different variables that need to be estimated and approximated. However, a company that does not use this kind of study may be worse off than one that approaches an asset's life cycle in a more ad hoc manner.THIS APPROACH HELPS TO OBTAINING MAXIMUM BENEFITFROM THE PHYSICAL ASSETS. THIS INVOLVES-systematic application of engineering,-financial and management expertise in the assessment of the life cycleimpact of an acquisition [ plant/equipment/machines etc ] on therevenues and expenses of the acquiring organization.PRACTICE OF of terotechnology is a continuous CYCLE that begins with the DESIGN and SELECTION of the REQUIRED item, follows through with its INSTALLATION,COMMISSIONING ,OPERATION , and MAINTENANCE until the item's REMOVAL and DISPOSAL and then restarts with its REPLACEMENT .An additional answerSome engineers add proactive maintenance instead of reliability centered maintenance .Proactive maintenance is combination of reactive ,preventive and predictive maintenance and shares advantages with each of them.Proactive approach has gained much popularity in maintenance of plants and installations.
