What is the third line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 1

the third line of defence work as a Primary Responce and a Secondary Responce the Primary Responce occurs when first a pathagen enter the body and secondly lymphocytes (b-cell) produce antibodies and finally antibodies have a speific shape which bind to antigens on surface of pathagen and then the dead pathagen is digested is eaten by phagocytes The Second Responce is the vaccination that contain live pathagen treated to make them harmless and it contain harmless fragment of the pathagen and dead phagen or toxins produced by pathagen and while vaccine is given we will gel active immunity because that vaccine will produce antibodies for ever

Answer 2

• Called into action when nonspecific methods are not enough and infection becomes widespread

Types of cells involved in the immune system:

• Macrophages - engulf foreign objects
  • Inform T lymphocytes at a specific antigen is present
• Helper T cells - produce and secrete chemicals which promote large numbers of effector and memory cells
• Cytotoxic T cells - T lymphocytes that eliminate infected body cells and tumor cells
• B cells - produce antibodies (secrete them in the blood or position them on their cell surfaces)

Each type of virus, bacteria, or other foreign body has molecular markers which make it unique

• Host lymphocytes (i.e. those in your body) can recognize self proteins (i.e. those which are not foreign)
• When a nonself (foreign) body is detected, mitotic activity in B and T lymphocytes is stimulated
  • While mitosis is occurring, the daughter populations become subdivided
    • Effector cells - when fully differentiated, they will seek and destroy foreign
    • Memory cells - become dormant, but can be triggered to rapid mitosis if pathogen encountered again

Thus, immunological specificity and memory involve three events:

(1) Recognition of a specific invader

(2) Repeated cell divisions that form huge lymphocyte populations

(3) Differentiation into subpopulations of effector and memory cells

• Antigen - a nonself marker that triggers the formation of lymphocyte armies
• Antibodies - molecules which bind to antigens and are recognized by lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cell - a macrophage which digests a foreign cell, but leaves the antigens intact. It then binds these antigens to MHC molecules on its cell membrane. Theantigen-MHC complexes are noticed by certain lymphocytes (recognition) which promotes cell division (repeated cell divisions)

Answer 3

Tetiary line of defense are your antibodies. The first line of defense is skin, the second line of defense is white blood cells. If the pathogen has passed 1st and 2nd line of defense, your third line of defense comes in to play. Tertiary line of defense includes acquired and innate immunity.

Answer 4

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