If you mean all our planets and comets, it's called the Sun. It is called "The Solar System".
Hestia is the Greek name for a Greek goddess.
The names of comets vary by where you are, but the scientific name is always the same.
The singular form is comet, the plural form is comets, the possessive plural is comets'. Example: The comets' paths will not cross.
Apollo's Greek and Roman name was Apollo.
I think it was Aristotle who first used the Greek word from which "comet" is derived.
Comets.
See related link for a list of periodic and non periodic comets.
asteroids
Haley's
Normally the person that discovers it gets to name it or put forward a name for it.
Celestial comets is a more formal name for comets. Comets are objects in space orbiting the Sun with long orbits. They are thought to be made of frozen water. As they near the Sun they produce a long glowing tail trailing behind.
The Oort Cloud
There's no indication of anyone by that name playing with Bill Haley and His Comets; there have been no less than 3-4 groups carrying the name Bill Haley's Comets in the years after Haley's death, so someone named Goodson could have performed with one of those groups.
I am pretty sure you mean the tail of comets which the ancient Greek reffered to as coma, (κόμα -> κόμη{comi}) meaning hair or hair style.
If you mean all our planets and comets, it's called the Sun. It is called "The Solar System".
Comets are Comets and Asteroids are Asteroids