hadeodysessus
If you mean all our planets and comets, it's called the Sun. It is called "The Solar System".
The name for the sun, planets, comets, and other celestial bodies that revolve around it is called the solar system.
The singular form is comet, the plural form is comets, the possessive plural is comets'. Example: The comets' paths will not cross.
The names of comets vary by where you are, but the scientific name is always the same.
Andromeda is a constellation, but because one of the best-known and most-photographed galaxies is M31, the "great nebula in Andromeda", the name is often used to refer to the galaxy. Charles Messier was a French astronomer who was a fanatic about comets. Most of his astronomical observations were done while hunting for comets. But there are a lot of faintly bright fuzzy things in the sky that are NOT comets, and Messier achieved lasting fame for his list of things that look like comets but are not comets. M31 is "item number 31" in Messier's list of fuzzy things that aren't comets.
I think it was Aristotle who first used the Greek word from which "comet" is derived.
Comets.
See related link for a list of periodic and non periodic comets.
Haley's
asteroids
Normally the person that discovers it gets to name it or put forward a name for it.
Celestial comets is a more formal name for comets. Comets are objects in space orbiting the Sun with long orbits. They are thought to be made of frozen water. As they near the Sun they produce a long glowing tail trailing behind.
The cloud of frozen comets that surrounds Pluto is called the Kuiper Belt.
There's no indication of anyone by that name playing with Bill Haley and His Comets; there have been no less than 3-4 groups carrying the name Bill Haley's Comets in the years after Haley's death, so someone named Goodson could have performed with one of those groups.
I am pretty sure you mean the tail of comets which the ancient Greek reffered to as coma, (κόμα -> κόμη{comi}) meaning hair or hair style.
Not a Greek name, so it is meaningless in Greek
If you mean all our planets and comets, it's called the Sun. It is called "The Solar System".