On the latest US Nimitz class carriers, fully ladened, at rest and in calm seas, the height off of the water of the main deck is about 57 feet. The earlier Midway and Essex class carriers were a bit less.
The flight deck...
The superstructure refers to the structure above the flight deck. It contains most of the command and control operations of the carrier. To be clear, the superstructure (usually referred to as the "island") contains the ship navigation and control command center, as well as the aircraft communications and landing control centers. The combat information center (where all combat-related information and decision are located) is located aft, several decks below the flight deck. In general, for ships, "superstructure" refers to anything above the main deck, which is the flight deck on an aircraft carrier.
The airplanes themselves were new. Sea water destroyed wood and cloth (canvas) aircraft. Engines didn't fare too well either. Ruggedness had to be engineered into the airplanes for survivability when impacting carrier decks (controlled crashes=landing upon the deck of an aircraft carrier...probably not too much today as it was during the 20th century). Tail hooks, grabbing cables, catapults, crash nets, landing and takeoff deck officers, paddle signals (flag signals), folding wings, landing gear...all had to be invented and perfected. By WWII they were ready. By Vietnam they were perfected.
In 1963, the Navy was searching for a new plane to serve in the Carrier Onboard Delivery, or COD, program. The plane they used had a 300-mile range. The Chief of Naval Operations ordered a feasibility study of using the C-130 on aircraft carriers. Lt. James Flatley III, a fighter pilot attached to [i]USS Forrestal,[/i] landed a Marine Corps KC-130 refueling variant on the Forrestal in October 1963. He performed 29 touch-and-go landings, 21 unassisted full-stop landings (no tailhook on the Hercules!) and 21 unassisted (no catapult) takeoffs at weights up to the aircraft's maximum rated weight. For his efforts, Lt. Flatley, who would later be promoted to Captain, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. As for the Hercules "Super COD" project, the Navy decided that even though the plane was clearly capable of landing on a carrier, using it in regular service was inviting disaster and went with a smaller airframe.
The Doolittle Raid of Saturday, 18 April 1942, was designed to be symbolic in nature. It would openly demonstrate to the Japanese & the Allies that the United States could & would strike back at the Japanese directly into their home islands. This raid occurred during a run of several months that the Japanese had a string of victories against the Allies. It signaled that the United States intended to bring the war to the Japanese. It was meant to boost the morale of Americans already fighting the Japanese, the American public, and the Allies (especially the Chinese). It was also intended to undermine Japanese propaganda and public support for the military leadership of Japan.The primary difficulty that the US military had to overcome:Because all US & Chinese land bases were too far away to use the US Army B-17 bomber, then…How do you get an aircraft carrier w/ aircraft close enough to Japan without being detected by the enemy?The mission analysis determined that it was virtually impossible to get an American aircraft carrier within 250 miles of the Japanese home islands without being detected prior to launching the strike, and then completely impossible to avoid detection after the strike hits Japan. This would endanger all US ships engaged in the raid. The further away from Japan that the aircraft could be launched on the strike, then the better the chance of the raiding ships escaping Japanese air & naval reactions. There was never any intention of the raid being a suicide mission for either the ships or the aircraft pilots.The US Navy carrier aircraft currently in service did not have the round-trip range to launch from a planned safe distance of at least 400 nautical miles. The only viable solution was to use twin-engine medium-range aircraft.However that posed its own challenges:How could a twin-engine medium-range aircraft take-off w/ a bomb-load from an aircraft carrier?If US Army aircraft are used, is there enough time for the crews to be trained to take-off from a carrier?Is it possible to lighten the bombers enough to allow for enough fuel & bombs that will not prevent the aircraft from taking off the deck of the carrier?What other aircraft modifications would be necessary?Does the aircraft carrier have to be modified?Is the bomber able to return to the carrier?If not, then where do they go?While traveling to the launch point with the bombers on-board, where are the bombers stored? Would the bombers fit on the aircraft carrier's elevators that are used to wheel them from the lower hanger deck to the flight deck?If the bombers are kept on the flight deck, doesn't this prevent the aircraft carrier from using its own carrier aircraft during the trip?How could this aircraft carrier protect itself and its escorts without its own carrier fighters?
No, it is restricted to landing on either a conventional runway, or on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
There is a flight deck on an aircraft carrier but, it is not an aircraft carrier as there are many other ships that have flight decks on them. The amphibious assault ship is a good example.
All of the risks associated with powered flight, combined with the risks of taking off from and landing on a very small flight deck which is moving at sea.
No
The flight deck...
Uss midway'
4
The superstructure refers to the structure above the flight deck. It contains most of the command and control operations of the carrier. To be clear, the superstructure (usually referred to as the "island") contains the ship navigation and control command center, as well as the aircraft communications and landing control centers. The combat information center (where all combat-related information and decision are located) is located aft, several decks below the flight deck. In general, for ships, "superstructure" refers to anything above the main deck, which is the flight deck on an aircraft carrier.
90
About 80 feet.
Approximately 800 feet.
flight deck of a US Navy aircraft carrier