The Jewish source of authority is the TeNaKh.
Shinto has no absolute source of authority.
The people of the United States is the source of authority of the constitution.Your welcome :)
The Sanhedrin was the Jewish council of elders.
That would be the Zealots!
The authority and power of goberment comes from God
If there is a preposition following authority, it is often "of" indicating the source of authority. The prepositions "in" or "for" would indicate the scope of authority.
No. But the courts of law did.
No.
it is boring
The people
Elections are the source of government authority. By voting, the public implicitly agrees to be governed by whoever wins the election.
According to the Orthodox tradition, it is either someone who appropriately converted under the authority of an Orthodox Rabbi/Beis Din, or someone who's mother was Jewish. According to the Conservative tradition, it is is someone who is converted by the beit din of any Jewish authority (Orthodox, Conservative or Reform), or or someone who's mother was Jewish. According to the Reform tradition, it is is someone who is converted by the beit din of any Jewish authority (Orthodox, Conservative or Reform), or someone who has at least one Jewish parent and was raised Jewish.