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It is the rubber marker within the tread to show tread depth. It is also known as a tread wear indicator
The tread of a tire or track refers to the rubber on its circumference that makes contact with the road. As tires are used , the tread is worn off , limiting its effectiveness in providing traction. A worn tire tread can often be retreaded. The word tread is often used incorrectly to refer to the pattern of grooves cut into the rubber . Those grooves are correctly called the tread pattern, or simply the pattern .
The pattern of the rubber part that meets the road.
It is left on the road as you travel
tires are made of rubber and rubber can cause friction
Many tires have tread wear indicator bars molded into the tread. When the tread is worn down to where you can see a solid bar of rubber across the width of the tread, it is time to replace the tire.
Increases grip if there is water on the roadway the water can enter the holes in the tread and not interfere as much with the rubber contact with the road.
rubber with a tread pattern cut into in, available in black
It is a part of the fabric inside the tread that is set in rubber when the tire is molded.
Aside from small cuts to your tread rubber and possibly a tread penetration,the biggest problem is stone retention.If your tires retain a lot of stone what can happen is that eventually they will be pounded through the tread rubber and into the steel belts which will allow moisture and oxidization to spread along the belts.
Most tires made today use a combination of natural rubber and synthetic rubber to achieve the maximum tread life and safety rating.
there is a scientific reason. The black is carbon powder added to the rubber. Basically, carbon improves the puncture strength and tread wear resistance to rubber..