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The Chatelier's Principle states that when a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions then the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish equilibrium. A chemical reaction is at equilibrium and experiences a change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of products , equilibrium will shift in opposite directions to offset change.
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How do you convert a chromate ion to dichromate?
(Cr2O7)2- + H2O -> CrO4- + 2H+ Chromate is yellow and Dichromate is orange. If the solution is yellow, then by LeChatlier's Principle, if an acid is added, then the Dichromate will form predominately.
What effect does the addition of NaOH have on the concentration of H?
say for example the equilibrium I2(aq)+H2O(l)-----HOI(aq)+I(aq)+H(aq) Think Lechatlier principle... addition of NaOH will cause the H ions to react with the OH ions to cause more water (more reactants) increase in reactants shifts the equilibrium in the FORWARD direction to form MORE H+ to restore the equilibrium
When a reaction is at equilibrium increasing the temperature favors the reaction that releases energy as heat.?
This is False!!! According to LeChatlier's Principle, increasing the temperature is a strees on the equilibrium. To relieve that stress the reaction will shift producing more of the substances on the side of the reaction that absorbs heat energy.
What is the difference between portland cement and pozzolan cement?
There are three kinds of cement PPC, OPC. SRC. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) The Portland Pozzolana Cement is a kind of Blended Cement which is produced by either intergrinding of OPC clinker along with gypsum and pozzolanic materials in certain proportions or grinding the OPC clinker, gypsum and Pozzolanic materials separately and thoroughly blending them in certain proportions. Pozzolana is a natural or artificial material containing silica in a reactive form. It may be further discussed as siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which in itself possesses little, or no cementitious properties but will in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form compounds possessing cementitious properties. It is essential that pozzolana be in a finely divided state as it is only then that silica can combine with calcium hydroxide (liberated by the hydrating Portland Cement) in the presence of water to form stable calcium silicates which have cementitious properties. The pozzolanic materials commonly used are: Volcanic ash Calcined clay Fly ash lica fumes OPC is environment friendly as well as economical Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC-53, OPC-43, OPC-33) OPC-43 GRADE The 43 grade OPC is the most popular general-purpose cement in the country today. The production of 43 grade OPC is nearly 50% of the total production of cement in the country. The 43 grade OPC can be used for following applications: General Civil Engineering construction work RCC works(preferably where grade of concrete is up to M-30) Pre-cast items such as blocks, tiles, pipes etc Asbestos products such as sheets and pipes Non-structural works such as plastering, flooring etc. The compressive strength of cement when tested as per IS code shall be minimum 43 MPa. The physical and chemical properties of this cement are given in the table: Physical Characteristics of 43 Grade OPC (BIS Requirement) Is Code Finene SS (sq.m/k g Min) Soundness by Setting Time Compressive Strength Lechatlier (mm)max Auto clave Max (%) Initial (mts) min Final (mts) Max 1 day Min Mpa 3 day Min Mpa 7 day Min Mpa 28 day Min Mpa (IS 8112- 1989) 225 10 0.8 30 600 Not specified 23 33 43 Chemical Characteristics of 43 Grade OPC (BIS Requirement) Is Code Lime Saturation Factor Alumina Ration Min Insoluble MgO (%) Sulphuric Anhydride Loss ignition (%) Max (IS 8112 - 1989) 0.66 Min 1.02 Max 0.66 3 6 2.5% Max when C3A is 5 or less. 3% Max when C3A is greater than 5 5 Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRC) Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement is a type of Portland Cement in which the amount of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is restricted to lower than 5 % and (2 C3A + C4AF) lower than 25%. The SRC can be used for structural concrete wherever OPC or PPC or Slag Cement is usable under normal conditions.
