to study venus...lol!
to study venus...lol!
This was to investigatethe atmosphere of Venus.
Basically the answer is "Venus". Mariner 2 flew past Venus. Pioneer 5 explored the space between Earth and Venus.
Pioneer 12 (Pioneer Venus Orbiter) left earth on May 20, 1978.
first of all pioneer 11 didn't even visit Jupiter it visited venus
Yes there was, all space crafts that successfully got information from Venus were the Mariner 2, 5 and 10, Venera 4-16, vegal 2, and pioneer Venus 1 and 2
Pioneer Venus was actually a pair of probes. Pioneer Venus 1 was an orbiter, while Pioneer Venus 2 contained a large surface probe and three smaller probes. The orbiter arrived at Venus on December 4, 1978. The probes entered the atmosphere on December 9, 1978. All of the probes returned data from the atmosphere, but only 1 (one of the small probes) transmitted after impact.The USSR (Russia) had already retrieved telemetry from the surface as early as their Venera 7 probe on December 15, 1970. Venera 9 returned the first photos from the surface on October 22, 1975. These larger Soviet landers had been hardened against the immense pressure and intense heat. The pressure at the surface is 93 times as much at sea level on Earth, and the average temperature is 460°C (860°F).
The aircraft that have been sent to Venus are the Pioneer Venus 1 (1978), the Pioneer Venus 2, and the Magellan probe (1989). The aircraft sent to Mars were Viking 1, Viking 2 (1975), the Mars Global Surveyor (1996), the Mars Exploration rovers (2003), The Phoenix lander (2007-08), and the rover Curiosity (2011). The aircraft sent to Mercury include Messenger (2004), and the Mariner 10.
In 1967, the USSR sent Venera 4 into space to probe the planet Venus. This was followed by Venera 5 in 1969 and Venera 6 in 1969. The US sent the Pioneer Venus 2 to probe Venus in 1978.
Venus orbits the Sun closer than the Earth and Mars orbits the Sun farther than the Earth. So the answer must be: "Venus and Mars orbit the sun on either side of the earth's orbital path." In 1965 and 1968 NASA launched Pioneer 6 and Pioneer 9 respectively in solar orbits in 80 % of the Earth's distance to the Sun. Therefore they are completing their orbits faster than us. In 1966 and 1967 NASA launched Pioneer 7 and Pioneer 8 respectively in solar orbits in 110 % of the Earth's distance to the Sun. Therefore they are completing their orbits slower than us. Because they orbit the Sun on either side of the Earth's orbital path, some of them are, from time to time, 180° away from us. They are looking at parts of the Sun around 12 days before the Sun's rotation reveals it to us. If a nasty solar flare is born, they can warn us several days ahead (the light from the solar flare uses around 8 min to get to the Pioneer probe, and the Pioneers' radios use only around 16 min on transmissions).
what did a pioneer carpenter do in the pioneer time