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The Etruscans soldiers did not have any advantage over the Roman ones. Originally both fought in the Greek phalanx formation, where heavy infantrymen fought in a tight formation. Then the Romans adopted the maniple formation of the Samnites, where the soldiers were grouped into smaller square formations arrayed in a chessboard pattern. This system afforded greater flexibility and was ideal for mountain warfare.

Rome won most of her battles against the Etruscans. The Etruscan did not have a single state unified under one ruler. Etruria (land of the Etruscans) was a collection of independent city-states. Twelve of these were the prominent states of Etruria. Etruscan alliances never comprised more than four city-states.

The fashionable theory that the Etruscans conquered Rome in the 6th century BC is just that, a theory. It has been challenged. It evidence base is flimsy to say the least and it is based on unproven and implausible assumptions. Recent archaeological evidence seems to suggest a different picture.

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Q: What advantage did Etruscan's have over Rome?
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