Went
It's an adverb of time.
Yes, it is an adverb of indefinite frequency.
Yesterday is an adverb. It answers "when" something was done or happened.
Phrasal adverb
The adverb is quickly.
Yes, the word yesterday is both a noun and an adverb. In the sentence, 'Yesterday, you went power kiting', yesterday is used as an adverb modifying the verb went, 'you went yesterday...'.
Went
There is not adverb form for the noun merriment; but a closely related adverb is merrily. Example sentence:She sang merrily as she went about her work.
Neither. Went is actually a verb, the past tense of "go."
No, went is a verb. It's the past tense form of go.
adverb - yesterday adjective - new
The word along can be an adverb, or it can be a preposition.It is an adverb in the sentence "I went along with him" and a preposition in the sentence "The chairs are along the fence."
No, it is a verb
outside
No. The colloquial term 'far out' is an adjective. Far can be an adjective or an adverb, and out can be an adverb or (arguably) a preposition (as in She went out the door).
The word "by" is usually a preposition, but it can be an adverb if there is no object. "She watched as the bird flew by." "He was disappointed how quickly the two weeks went by."