See related link 'US Military Basic Pay Chart 2010 - Commissioned Officers' at the bottom.
O5 refers to US government military pay grade. Enlisted soldiers are grades starting with E, such as E3. The lower the number the lower rank the person is. So a Private is E1. W grades are for Warrant Officers. O grades are officers. O1 being 2nd Lieutenant or Ensign, the lowest officer grade. You've asked for O5 that is a Lt. Colonel or Commander. Pay rate is determine by several factors Combat, Flight, Hazardous Duty, etc... Straight base pay for an O5 grade is $46,000 up to $76, 000 based on years in the military. This pay scale is consistent across all of the armed forces.
No such material as O5.
o5 is not a number but an alphanumeric string.
Are you referring to a member of the staff of the US Navy's Judge Advocate General Corps? Navy lawyers, sometimes referred to as "JAGs", are paid based on their Navy rank. A junior JAG officer is probably a Navy Lieutenant, at a pay grade of "O3", has a pay dependent on their time on active duty, between $35K and $45K per year. A mid-grade JAG officer is probably a Navy Commander or O5, with a pay between $45K and $70K per year. There are additional allowances for housing and meals.
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5
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c6 h12 o5
Dinitrogen pentoxide.
unlikely
2.O5
The meaning is 5 oxygen atoms.