Answer 1:
Turn off the lights when you leave the lab; our grant has been slashed.
Answer 2:
This is a hard question to answer because there are different types of physics, which follow different sets of rules. For large objects which we can see, Newtonian Physics, which were described by Sir Issac Newton, predict with perfection their movements and properties. For small particles, however, they no longer work.
For tiny particles, we use different laws, since they in no way act by the equations Newton created. Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Chromodynamics are used to explain the phenomena of small particles, but even these, along with the entire Standard Model of particle physics will have to be thrown out the window eventually.
To put it simply, if you are only concerned with the world you can see, Newtonian Physics is law. You can Google Newton's Laws if you want to see what they are. If you want to study the tiny parts of the universe, such as protons, photons and electrons, then there are no "basic laws". There are only postulates and principals and speculations.
I argue, however, that there are truths that I feel we have encountered through our journeys through particle physics. I truly believe that the speed of light is the speed limit of the universe, and that no information will ever travel faster than this. I also believe that the Heisenberg Principal of Uncertainty is immutable, and intrinsic to our universe. These two things might come into play someday when we actually do set down and derive a true set of laws by which all universal phenomena obey.
The basic element of physics is energy. Energy is the ability to do work or produce change in a system. It is a fundamental concept that underlies many principles and theories in physics.
...there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The two basic divisions of physics are classical physics and modern physics. Classical physics deals with the macroscopic world and includes mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Modern physics focuses on the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels, encompassing quantum mechanics and relativity.
The concept that energy cannot be created or destroyed is a fundamental principle known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. It is a universal law of physics that applies in all states and is not specific to any particular state's energy laws.
Physics can be considered to derive from mathematics and is the study of both matter and energy. It is considered to the basic science, because all other sciences can be shown to be derived from it. Any field or science has some amount of physics with in it.
physics
Physics. basic physics.
Gauss law
The basic element of physics is energy. Energy is the ability to do work or produce change in a system. It is a fundamental concept that underlies many principles and theories in physics.
...there is an equal and opposite reaction.
There are "first laws" in several physics disciplines, for example the "First Law of Thermodynamics". There is none that is generally considered to be important enough to be considered the first law of physics in general.
basic law of continua
Because it is the most basic way of descriping the world.
biology, chemistry and physics
No idiea
Physics is the study of the laws that govern science.
The two basic divisions of physics are classical physics and modern physics. Classical physics deals with the macroscopic world and includes mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Modern physics focuses on the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels, encompassing quantum mechanics and relativity.