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The answer would be completely different depending on how the vessel is powered, and the type of water you're in, but I'll do what I can. If we cut down the variables by assuming you're on flat water:

PADDLE: Get the longest length/width ratio you can at the waterline. This is good for "tracking"(vessels tendency to stay moving straight), as well as minimising the effort needed to move max weight. If you push this ratio too far, the boat will be too tippy to stay upright, and/or your butt won't fit in it. Outriggers and rowing sculls are usually the fastest paddleboats, having length to width ratios over 10 to 1.

SAIL: Same as above, but also consider the additional factors like "self righting ability", "keel weight and it's traction at various heel pitches", "how the hull shape below waterline changes at heel". Remember that the freeboard, (hull above waterline) isn't really doing anything for hull performance except adding weight and catching wind, until it's in the water. You need a lot of things to sail that can increase drag, and a wider, more stable hull is good to have in a sailboat. A sailboat with a 10/1 hull ratio would capsize at the slightest breeze.

PROPS: Motorboat hulls are usually designed to plane. There are too many variables to list here, but I hope this horribly over-simplified version is helpful. Consider how the waterline will change at different speeds. If, while planing, the hull below water is as wide as it is long, you will lose tracking, and the steering will be dangerously touchy (this may be partly balanced out by the influence of inertia and weight, of course). That said, the less boat you have in the water, the less resistance you will have; so the fastest speedboat hulls are "hydroplaning" designs, that (once they reach a good speed) leave small sections in the water, having a length to width ratio over 8 to 1

All hull shapes also have a "max hull speed". The hullspeed is reached when the bow wave and/or stern wave causes so much drag that no amount of power can increase its speed. "Theoretical hull speed" is usually a mathematical estimation, and can be way off from an "actual hull speed".

-Case

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Q: What is the best hull shape for a fast boat?
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