Depends on the firearm, what you are shooting, and where you are. With a rifle, firing from a supported position, such as a benchrest is the most accurate. In the field, the prone position is most accurate. However, that does not work well if you are in waist deep grass, or duck hunting with a shotgun. With a handgun, a two handed shooting stance is most accurate, and using a support makes that better.
No. You can go to a gun range and shoot.
It depends on where you are. In most U.S. states, you can legally shoot a firearm at a shooting range, or outside the city limits in some counties.
With a rifle, the most stable position is either prone, or firing supported by a bench rest.
Some are rimfire, some are centerfire. Depends on the design of the firearm.
when a gun is cocked, the firing pin (the thing that hits the bullet to shoot it) is pulled back so when you pull the trigger the firing pin moves forwards and shoot the bullet de cocking is when you move the firing pin from the "ready position" to "relaxed position" where you can pull the trigger and nothing will happen
Ready to shoot
Not unless you were unlawfully in possession of a firearm that you shouldn't be.
No. However, local ordinances may prevent you from being able to discharge a firearm within town limits and such.
Any firearm chambered for 22
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DO THIS!! Never use ammunition in a firearm not designed for it.
ANY mechanical system- including the safety on a firearm- CAN fail. This is the reason for the basic firearm safety rules- including "do not point a firearm at anything you do not mean to shoot." It is rare, but CAN happen.
That varies by state but generally you must be off the road right-of-way and you may not shoot across the road.