One you can shoot accurately that meets or exceeds your state's minimum caliber restriction.
Try hunting looking for the hunting grounds on the map. That's where i find plenty of Elk.
You will have to define what "long range" means to you. For some it's anything over 100 m; for others 300 m
They are very similar. Deer and elk are much alike anatomically, though elk tend to be larger. For this reason, a different caliber gun may be required for an elk. Guns like a 7mm rifle will do fine for deer, but it's questionable for elk. A 30-06 is typically a good gun for both.
it depends on what your hunting
Game of all size and shape is hunted, and the calibre varies in accordance with what it is you're hunting. If you're hunting elk, you're not going to use the same calibre you would hunt squirrel with, and vice versa. A hunting rifle is simply a rifle which is used for hunting - that in itself doesn't determine what's being hunted, and it would be impossible to determine an average calibre, given that not every hunting rifle was a purpose built rifle - some hunters, for example, used decommissioned military rifles such as the SKS.
Hunting rifle scopes come in a wide variety and are easy to find online. Some websites like The Scope Smith and Optics Best Buy offer hunting rifle scopes.
Requirements for elk hunting in Canada include the need to procure a hunting license for the elk, to hunt the elk during the normal season depending on whether the weapon used is a gun or bow and otherwise practicing common sense.
It all depends on what you are hunting. I would not use a 50 cal rifle to hunt squirrels but I would use it to hunt Elk. I would not use a .22 cal to hunt elephants but may use it to hunt small game. That's why there are so many different types of guns.
either the fat man or boones hunting rifle with you cant get boones hunting rifle but you can get the fat man it fires nukes
Depends on what you are hunting, where you are hunting, your skill level and your pocket book.
The best caliber rifle is entirely dependent on what game you are hunting. For varmints (small pest animals like gophers, moles, and prairie dogs) as .22 LR would be appropriate. For deer and elk, I would chose one of the .30 caliber options, either 30.06 or .308. For moose, or cape buffalo, I might go up to a .454.
Depends on what your hunting, if you are going wing shooting, its a Benelli Ultralight. If its deer or elk, I'm gonna say a 30-06.