Roman Catholic answer: The book that, historically, was read or actually, prayed by priests, nuns, and monks, was The Breviary, it's modern incarnation is known as TheDivine Office. It contains all the Offices, or prayers services of the day. Night prayer, historically known as Matins, is now called The Office of Readings, Lauds (Morning Prayer), followed by Prime, which was suppressed following Vatican Council II, then Terce (Mid-morning prayer), Sext (Mid-day prayer), None (Mid-afternoon prayer), Vespers (Evening Prayer), and Compline (Night prayer-at the end of the day).
Monks and nuns do the monks' and nuns' jobs now.
You just call Monks Monks and Nuns Nuns. They don't have any other names.
nuns
Monks - monastery. Nuns - convent.
Yes, there are Buddhist nuns as well as monks. They're known as Bhikkhuni.
Monks and nuns spread Byzantine influence through their missionary work.
No
monasteries- the dwelling place of a community of monks
Yes
The ordination of monks and nuns and the bi-weekly recitation of the rules for monks and nuns. Some schools of Buddhism have additional rituals.
Monks live in monasteries, and nuns live in convents or in monasteries.
Females were nuns, males were monks.