Weathering.
Yes, "breaking apart" is the progressive form of the particle verb "break apart". E.g., "He is breaking apart the rocks" or "The rocks are breaking apart".
It is mechanical weathering, like a rock being tumbled by a river.
Erosion
"Chemical weathering" is the phrase you are looking for.
The term for ice breaking apart a rock is freeze-thaw weathering. This process occurs when water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes, expands, and causes the rock to break apart.
Plants can break rocks apart using their roots. As roots grow, they can exert pressure on rocks, causing them to crack or break over time. The process of roots breaking apart rocks is known as biological weathering.
The process of rocks breaking and moving apart is called rock fracturing or faulting. This can occur due to stress and pressure within the Earth's crust, leading to the formation of faults or fractures in the rock. As these fractures widen or shift, the rocks can separate or change position.
Probably, earthquakes or volcanic activity. Or the movement of plate tectonics.
Weathering wears away at the surface of rocks and objects with chemical, which is plants, rooting into hard soil and breaking it apart, and physical, which happens with the rain, wind and snow or ice by filling small cracks in rocks, freezing then melting expanding and breaking apart the rock. All over time breaking apart the surface. And erosion takes the contents weathered off and degrades other object with moving water, and rocks that rub against eachother, waching away the weathering and erosion.
The process of breaking down the rock material without changing its chemical composition is called mechanical weathering.
When rocks break apart and change, it is called weathering and erosion. Weathering is the process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces, while erosion is the movement of these pieces by water, wind, or ice. This process can eventually lead to the formation of new rocks through sedimentation and compaction.
Mechanical weathering involves the physical breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, such as through frost wedging or abrasion. Biological weathering, on the other hand, is the breakdown of rocks by living organisms like plants and burrowing animals, which can weaken rocks through root growth and acidic secretions.